别样生态链 自然保护区对社会关系的再造

在日本,人们将山林与梯田之间的地带称为＂里山＂。这里的人们与大自然相互依存,实行小规模耕作,只留下浅淡的生活足迹。里山表达了耕地、村落、山林共存的思想。里山生活告诉人们,人类活动如果控制得当,那么就可以保证生态多样性和可持续性。     

喀斯特昆虫初探

2012年8月初,应邀同中国科学院生态考察团前往广西崇左白头叶猴自然保护区,一起观察全球最濒危的灵长类动物白头叶猴的生态行为,同时了解周围的动植物情况。本次活动,集合了各个类群的专家一同前往,不同领域专家负责一片区域进行调查。而我就负责在隧道附近寻找昆虫的踪迹。     

五鹿山国家级自然保护区油松群落优势种生态位研究

根据五鹿山国家级自然保护区油松群落57个样地调查资料,通过TWINSPIN聚类分析对该群落类型进行了划分,将划分群丛类型作为资源轴,计算了乔木和灌木树种Shannon-Wiener和Hurbert生态位宽度及Morisita重叠指数。结果表明：油松群落共划分为7个群丛。乔木层油松、辽东栎、茶条槭的生态位宽度（Shannon-Wiener和Hurbert生态位宽度）较大,LB和HB分别是1.656、1.404、1.047和0.948、0.735、0.386。灌木层水栒子、土庄绣线菊、陕西荚蒾的生态位宽度较大,LB和HB分别是1.562、1.401、1.300和0.512、0.447、0.389。乔木层生态位高度重叠的占6%(>0.8),中度重叠的占10%(0.6~0.8),小于0.6的低度重叠的占84%,灌木层高度重叠者占7%(>0.8),中度重叠者占10.39%(0.6~0.8),小于0.6的低度重叠者占82.25%。说明油松群落组成植物对当地环境具有较高的适应性和资源环境利用能力,种间竞争较小,有些物种的生态位明显趋于特化,群落处于共摊阶段。     

陈家瑞与攀枝花苏铁的不解之缘

作为国际上著名的苏铁专家,陈家瑞先生对濒危植物保护和苏铁研究有着强烈的责任感。他曾长期担任世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)幸存物种委员会委员与苏铁专家组成员,美国密苏里植物园名誉研究员等。1978-1981年主持全国濒危植物研究与保护项目。     

岌岌可危的攀枝花苏铁

苏铁属植物是CITES禁止贸易的植物,但是盗挖、毁林开荒和伐木毁林都直接或间接地造成苏铁属植物的濒危。据中国科学院成都生物研究所的何永华和李朝銮在1999年发布的调查结果,会理木古种群的野生苏铁在1983和1984两年内被挖完,运走苏铁苗木近10卡车。     

结缘攀枝花

攀枝花苏铁是国家一级重点保护野生植物,与平武大熊猫和自贡恐龙化石并称"巴蜀三宝",中国林业六大工程中的"全国野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程"将其列为"15种重点抢救性保护濒危物种"之一。四川攀枝花苏铁国家级自然保护区分布着亚洲乃至世界纬度最北、株树最多、面积最大的野生苏铁林——攀枝花苏铁林。     

攀枝花苏铁的回归

保护生物学上的回归(reintroduction)是指在一个物种即将消失或已经消失的历史分布区建立新种群的活动,作为濒危物种保护和种群恢复的重要策略之一,在苏铁类和其他濒危物种的保护实践中得到比较广泛的应用。近年来,在我国广西开展的德保苏铁的回归引起了媒体的广泛关注,但这并不是我国最早的苏铁回归,事实上,20世纪90年代初我国就开展了卓有成效的苏铁回归实验。     

EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF WOODY SPECIES OF THE NOKREK BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF MEGHALAYA,NORTHEAST INDIA

Aims Our study was conducted in the Nokrek Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in the Garo hills districts of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Our aim was to assess the effects of human activities on plant diversity,population structure and regeneration.Methods We selected a representative 1.2 hm2 stand in both the core and buffer zones of NBR. Structure and composition were determined by randomly sampling square quadrats, population structure was assessed by determining age structure, and regeneration was assessed by measuring densities of seedling, sapling and adult trees.Important findings More woody species were recorded from the core zone than the buffer zone (87 vs. 81 species), and there were a large number of tropical, temperate, and Sino-Himalayan, Burma-Malaysian and Malayan elements, primitive families and primitive genera. The trees were distributed in three distinct strata,canopy, subcanopy and sapling. Subcanopy and sapling layers had the highest species richness (81％ -88％ ). Lauraceae and Euphorbiaceae were the dominant families in terms of the number of species, and a large number of families were represented by single species. Most woody species (57 ％ - 79 ％ ) were contagiously distributed and had low frequency ( ＜ 20％ ). Although stand density was high in the buffer zone, its basal area was low compared to the stand in the core zone. Low similarity and high β-diversity indicate marked differences in species composition of the stands. Shannon diversity index was high in both the stands, while Simpson dominance index was low. The diameter-class distribution for dominant species revealed that the most had a large number of young individuals in their populations. Preponderance of tree seedlings, followed by a steep decline in population density of saplings and adult trees, indicated that the seedling to sapling stage was the most critical in the life cycle of the tree populations. Most species (42 ％ - 48 ％ ) had no regeneration,25 ％ - 35 ％ had good/fair regeneration, and the rest had poor regeneration or reoccurred as immigrants.     

赤水桫椤自然保护区土壤甲螨多样性的初步研究

对赤水桫椤自然保护区内旅游点的土壤甲螨进行了调查。调查共获1216号标本,分属31科、43属,其中,盖甲螨属Tectocepheus为优势属。调查区内土壤甲螨的种类多,群落的异质性高,多样性指数高,全区甲螨在MGP分析Ⅰ中为O型,分析Ⅱ中为G型。     

16种长白山野生植物提取物对酪氨酸酶抑制作用

测定16种长白山野生植物对酪氨酸酶活性的影响.选用16种长白山野生植物为材料,以L-酪氨酸为底物,加入植物乙醇提取物和蘑菇酪氨酸酶,测定吸光度值,计算酪氨酸酶的抑制百分率.结果表明:葛根的抑制百分率最高为61.461%,藜芦、独活、东北延胡索等也有抑制作用.