春化温度对大白菜花芽分化和抽薹的影响

以冬性有明显差异的6个大白菜品种为试材,研究了4个存化温度对大白菜的花芽分化和抽薹的影响。结果表明,弱冬性材料在3～11℃范围内,花芽分化和抽薹均能在较短的时间完成;强冬性材料适宜的春化温度为3～7℃．超过7℃,花芽分化和抽薹急剧延迟;冬性中等材料适宜的春化温度为3～9℃。故一般采用3～7℃的春化温度对不同冬性材料均适宜。     

温敏型大白菜不育系的小孢子败育特性

两系法杂交制种中,温度敏感型雄性不育大白菜的小孢子在不育期的发育各阶段都可能发生畸形、退化,主要有4种类型：第一,花药发育受阻于孢原细胞的分化,属于无花粉型;第二,存在孢原细胞的分裂活动,但形成畸形角隅,孢原细胞退化解体或增大并聚成空洞的薄壁细胞;第三,四分体时期绒毡层和小孢子都退化,只剩空的花粉囊腔和几块残存物;第四,成熟花粉粒时期,小孢子畸形,药室收缩成镰刀形,畸形花粉粒杂乱地挤满药室。     

大白菜细胞质雄性不育系和其保持系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对大白菜细胞质雄性不育系CMS341-7和其保持系3411-7的基因组DNA进行了比较分析,共使用了269个随机引物,其中有163个引物在两系之间都得到了扩增产物,79个引物扩增结果在两系之间表现出了遗传多态性。找到了不育系和保持系的特异扩增条带CMSOPL01670和MOPB04600。并对这些特异片段的来源及其在细胞质雄性不育中的作用进行了讨论。     

大白菜高产栽培及病虫害防治技术

本文简述了大白菜栽培技术及主要病虫害的防治方法。     

Determination of n-l-1 Gamete Transmission Rate of Trisomics and Location of Gene Controlling 2n Gamete Formation in Chinese Cabbage （Brassica rapa）

A set of trisomics of Chinese cabbage was used for determining the n-I-1 gamete transmission rate and locating the gene controlling 2n gamete formation on the corresponding chromosome. The results showed that the transmission rates of extra chromosomes in different trisomics varied from 0% to 15.38% by male gametes and from 0% to 17.39% by female gametes. Of the nine F2 populations derived from the hybridizations between each trisomic and Bp058 （2n gamete material）, only Tri- 4xBp058 showed that the segregation ratio of plants without 2n gamete formation to plants with 2n gamete formation was 10.38：1, which fitted the expected segregation ratio of the trisomics （AAa） based on the 7.37% of n＋l gamete transmission through female and 5.88% through male. In other populations the segregation ratios varied from 2.48：1 to 3.72：1, which fitted the expected 3：1 segregation ratio of the bisomics （Aa）. These results suggested that the gene controlling 2n gamete formation in Chinese cabbage Bp058 was located on chromosome 4. Further trisomic analysis based on the chromosome segregation and the incomplete stochastic chromatid segregation indicated that the gene locus was tightly linked to the centromere.     

一株新的胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的分离和鉴定

从大白菜软腐组织中分离出一株软腐病细菌BC1,经过形态观察、生理生化特性分析、致病性检测和16S rDNA序列分析,该分离物被鉴定为胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种（Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Ecc）的一个新菌株,编号为BC1。这是首次从16S rDNA序列水平上对在我国分布的软腐欧文氏菌进行鉴定。Ecc BC1的16S rDNA序列与其它软腐欧文氏菌株的16S rDNA序列之间同源性达987%～993%,而且在系统发育树中独立于Ecc其它菌株。序列分析结果表明,Ecc BC1具有至少2种不同的16S rDNA序列,它们都在第459位和473位（相对于大肠杆菌16S rDNA序列）发生碱基突变,同一基因中两个突变位点之间彼此互补,处于16S rRNA螺旋H17颈部,而且这两处碱基变异只存在于BC1菌株中。通过与其它软腐欧文氏菌亚种和菌株16S rDNA序列进行比对分析,还进一步鉴定出一些BC1菌株特异的16S rDNA碱基突变位点。本文报道的Ecc BC1两个16S rDNA序列在GenBank中的登录号分别为AY309068和AY309069。     

影响大白菜高效离体培养再生的因素

大白菜的4日龄子叶和6日龄下胚轴外植体在MS 4～6 mg*L-1 6-BA 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA 5～10 mg*L-1 AgNO3培养基上3～4周后分化出不定芽,带柄子叶和子叶圆片最高再生频率均可达到80%～90%,下胚轴再生频率为40%～55%,在1/2MS 0.2 mg*L-1 IBA培养基上100%生根,据此建立了大白菜离体培养再生系统.     

生长素和模拟微重力效应对大白菜不定根形态发生的影响

Under the induction of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), adventitious roots were differentiated on hypocotyl segments derived from seedlings of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris spp. pekinensis). IAA at concentration of 0.4-1.0 mg/L in solid MS medium incited many adventitious roots on hypocotyl segments. The earliest anatomic changes were observed on cut surface of hypocotyl segments under optical microscope 24 hours after IAA treatment: cytoplasmic and nuclear density became higher in a few of parenchytmatous cells adjacent to phloem in tissue of pericycle, followed by cell divisions. Lately, the dividing cells expanded and developed into root primordium from which root cap was differentiated. After five days, most roots protruded through hypocotyl cortex and appeared just below the cut surface. The rooting capacity of the segments derived from three regions of each hypocotyl was different. High level of IAA modified the polarity of root formation on segment inserted upside down and sucrose increased the function of IAA. Additionally, microgravity did not significantly change the rooting polarity under the condition of stimulated microgravity, but it increased the competence of explants to IAA treatment. The results presented here provided an experimental system for further investigation of molecular events associated with adventitious root initiation.     

高温对大白菜小孢子培养的影响

应用 FDA和 DAPI荧光显微术观察了高温处理对大白菜 Brassica campestris spp.pekinensis L our. Olsson 小孢子培养的影响 .在 2 5℃恒温培养条件下 ,小孢子的成活率迅速下降 ,至第 7天基本无幸存小孢子 ;小孢子膨胀后呈椭圆形 ,核第一次分裂多为不对称型 ;小孢子丧失胚胎发生能力 .相反 ,在培养开始时 ,先用 33℃高温处理 2 4 h,然后转入 2 5℃培养 ,小孢子成活率虽在第 1天急剧下降 ,但随后仍保持一定水平 ;膨胀的小孢子多呈圆球形 ,小孢子核第一次分裂出现对称型 ,频率可达 4 0 %左右 ;小孢子可进行几种方式的细胞分裂 ,以类似于胚胎细胞的对称分裂方式为主 占总分裂数的 5 5 % ;小孢子经多次分裂可形成紧密的多细胞团 ,最终形成胚状体 .若以高温诱导的小孢子分裂频率为评价指标 ,小孢子接受高温处理的敏感期位于开始培养的 1 2 h内 ,但以胚胎发生频率为指标 ,敏感期位于开始培养的2 4 h内