一种测定葡萄木质部压力梯度的新方法

通过同时测定葡萄木质部导管液流平均流量和流速,应用变形的哈根-泊萧叶方程,研究了测定葡萄木质部压力梯度的新方法。结果表明,在直径分别为7mm的葡萄茎段和4mm的葡萄叶柄上,用此新方法测得的木质部压力梯度与实际加在其上的压力梯度吻合的很好,说明此新方法可用于连续、实时测定葡萄木质部压力梯度。用此新方法在离体葡萄枝上测定发现,随光照强度增强,其木质部压力梯度成线性正相关增加。     

高阶混合中立型差分方程的振动性质

研究了一类高阶混合中立型差分方程的振动性质,得到了这类差分方程的振动判据.     

低温处理后4个越橘品种部分生理指标的比较及其抗寒性分析

以‘美登’(‘Blomidon ’)、‘北陆’(‘Northland ’)、‘蓝丰’(‘Bluecrop ’)和‘密斯梯’(‘Misty ’)4个越橘( Vaccinium spp.)品种为研究对象,对经-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃和-40℃低温处理后各品种枝条的相对电导率( REC)、丙二醛( MDA)含量、过氧化物酶( POD)和过氧化氢酶( CAT)活性以及各指标的增长量进行比较;在此基础上,建立各品种REC值与温度的Logistic方程并获得各品种的低温半致死温度( LT50),初步确定各品种的抗寒性。结果表明：经不同低温处理后,各品种枝条的REC 值以及 POD 和 CAT 活性总体上极显著(P<0.01)高于对照(10℃),MDA含量极显著或显著(P<0.05)高于对照。随处理温度降低,各品种枝条的REC值和MDA含量逐渐升高,但不同品种间这2个指标的变幅不同;各品种枝条的POD和CAT活性随处理温度降低呈“单峰型”曲线,但不同品种枝条POD和CAT活性的峰值及其达到峰值的处理温度均存在差异,其中,经-25℃低温处理后品种‘密斯梯’枝条的POD和CAT活性最高,而其余3个品种的POD和CAT活性经-30℃低温处理后最高。总体上,品种‘密斯梯’枝条的REC值和MDA含量增长量处于较高水平,POD和CAT活性增长量处于较低水平;而品种‘美登’枝条的REC值和MDA含量增长量则处于较低水平,POD和CAT活性增长量处于较高水平。各品种的Logistic方程拟合度为0.8622~0.9778,且各品种间的拟合度差异均达到极显著或显著水平;REC值与温度的相关性极显著,其相关系数为0.9285~0.9888;品种‘密斯梯’、‘蓝丰’、‘北陆’和‘美登’的LT50值分别为-18.87℃、-26.85℃、-27.52℃和-30.83℃。综合分析结果显示：LT50值、MDA含量变化量、保护酶活性及其变化量均可作为越橘品种抗寒性的评价指标,据此初步确定供试4个越橘品种抗寒性由强至弱依次为‘美登’、‘北陆’、‘蓝丰’、‘密斯梯’。     

Community characteristics and spatial distribution of dominant tree species in a deciduous broad-leaved forest of Muzhaling,Henan, China

Aims The objective of this paper is to quantify the species composition and spatial distribution pattern in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in temperate to subtropical ecological transition zone.
Methods In this study, a 3-hm² forest was selected in the temperate to subtropical ecological transition zone to analyze the community species composition, structure of diameter at breast height, community classification and spatial distribution pattern of dominant tree species.
Important findings Our results showed that in the plot there were 85 species, 52 genera and 31 families, mainly composed of Betulaceae, Celastraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Salicaceae and Aceraceae. Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Pinus armandii are dominant species of the community tree layer. The rare species and occasional species accounted for 20.0% and 28.24% of total species respectively. Size distribution of all species showed an invert J-shape, which indicates that the community is in a stable and normal growth status. Using multiple regression trees, the community in this plot can be divided into four categories: 1) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Pinus armandii + Litsea tsinlingensis + Cerasus clarofolia + Lindera obtusiloba; 2) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Salix chaenomeloides + Sorbus hupehensis; 3) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Ailanthus altissima + Cerasus clarofolia + Litsea tsinlingensis; 4) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Fraxinus chinensis + Litsea tsinlingensis + Philadelphus incanus. Under the completely random distribution model, the main species in the plot display clustered distributions, with the different species occurring in different habitat types, showing obvious terrain habitat preferences. However, under the heterogeneous Poisson distribution model, these species at different scales are distributed randomly or regularly. This study helps to understand the plant community species composition of the Muzhaling World Geopark, community structure and community distribution. The results show that the terrain habitat heterogeneity is an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of the species. The present work improves the understanding of plant community in Muzhaling World Geopark, and provides technical reference for biodiversity conservation and forest management of this area.     

Improving the accuracy of indirect methods in estimating leaf area index using three correction schemes in a Larix gmelinii plantation

Aims Woody materials and clumping effects are key error sources in estimating leaf area index (LAI) by optical methods. However, how to correct the error caused by woody materials has not reached consensus. The aims of this study are (1) to evaluate the accuracy of optical methods for estimating effective LAI (L_e) in a deciduous needle leaf forest stand, and (2) to develop a practical correction scheme to improve the accuracy of optical methods in estimating LAI.Methods L_ewas estimated by two indirect methods (i.e., digital hemispherical photography (DHP) and LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer method (LAI-2000 method) in an annual maximum leaf area period in a Larix gmelinii plantation. Then, we developed three correction schemes to improve the accuracy of indirect methods in estimating LAI. Meanwhile, two direct methods (i.e., litter collection and allometry methods) were used to estimate LAI. Taking LAI from litter collection as a reference, we evaluated the effectiveness of three correction schemes and tested the influence of zenith angle ranges on the correction results.Important findings With zenith angle ranges of 0-45° (rings 1-3), 0-60° (rings 1-4), 45°-60° (ring 4) and 0-75° (rings 1-5), L_eobtained from DHP underestimated LAI from both litter collection and allometry by 19%-32% and 18%-29%, respectively. L_efrom LAI-2000 method with four zenith angles also underestimated LAI from both litter collection and allometry by 9%-30% and 8%-28%, respectively. Although the contribution of woody materials to LAI was overestimated in correction scheme A, it was effective in correcting L_efrom DHP with zenith angles of 45º-60º (ring 4), and also effective for L_efrom LAI-2000 method with zenith angles of rings both 1-3 and 1-4. Correction scheme B was all effective in correcting L_efrom DHP with four zenith angle ranges. Generally, correction scheme C was more effective than other two schemes in correcting L_efrom both DHP and LAI-2000 method with four zenith angle ranges. These results indicate that the zenith angle range is a key factor for determining the accuracy of optical methods in estimating LAI besides woody materials and clumping effects.     

木论喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林群丛数量分类及稳定性

加深对喀斯特顶极群落植物组成、群落结构和群落分布的认识可以为该区域生物多样性保护和森林管理提供参考。本文基于广西木论喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林25 ha森林动态监测样地地形、土壤和物种组成数据, 采用多元回归树对该群落进行群丛分类, 并分析各群丛多样性和稳定性。结果表明, 群落可分为6个群丛, 分别为群丛I: 长序厚壳桂+栀子皮+香叶树群丛(Ass. Cryptocarya microcarpa + Itoa orientalis + Lindera communis), 群丛II: 长序厚壳桂+灰岩棒柄花+罗伞群丛(Ass. Cryptocarya microcarpa + Cleidion bracteosum + Brassaiopsis glomerulata), 群丛III: 圆果化香树+密花树+齿叶黄皮群丛(Ass. Platycarya longipes + Rapanea neriifolia + Clausena dunniana), 群丛IV: 圆果化香树+滇丁香+齿叶黄皮群丛(Ass. Platycarya longipes + Luculia intermedia + Clausena dunniana), 群丛V: 长序厚壳桂+罗伞+伞花木群丛(Ass. Cryptocarya microcarpa + Brassaiopsis glomerulata + Eurycorymbus cavaleriei), 群丛VI: 小叶栾树+长管越南茜+圆果化香树群丛(Ass. Boniodendron minus + Rubovietnamia aristate + Platycarya longipes)。除群丛I外, 各群丛总体的多样性指数较高。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数以及Pielou均匀度指数表现出一致的变化趋势: 群丛VI > 群丛V > 群丛IV > 群丛III > 群丛II > 群丛I, 而丰富度则为群丛VI > 群丛IV > 群丛V > 群丛I > 群丛III > 群丛II, 物种多样性在中海拔群丛最高。中上坡部位群丛稳定性最高, 洼地群丛稳定性最低。海拔在群落结构及组成中起重要作用, 可能是影响群落分布的重要因素。     

具有连续变量的多时滞二阶非线性中立型差分方程的振动性

用分析的方法研究了一类具有连续变量的多时滞二阶非线性中立型差分方程解的振动性,给出了该类方程解振动和差分算子振动的几个充分条件.     

一类含时滞的Logistic反应扩散方程的波前解

研究一类含时滞的Logistic滞反应扩散方程的波前解．通过构造合适的上下解,证明了当时滞充分小时,方程存在波前解．用线性化方法,给出了存在波前解的时滞τ取值范围的一个估计．     

种群连续增长模型的学习过程

针对学生提出的问题“种群S型曲线为何在K／2时增长率最大”,通过多种渠道寻求答案,对“K／2”的实际应用提出了自己的见解。     

带有正负系数的一阶震荡中立型微分方程

本文建立了中立型微分方程d/dt[x（t）-R（t）x（t-r）]＋P（t）x（t-r）-Q（t）x（t-δ）=0震荡的一个充分条件．