太阳能灭虫器对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性评价

本文研究了FWS-DBL-1新型太阳能灭虫器在320～580、360、400、460和520 nm 5种不同波长下对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性。结果表明:在5种波长下,灭虫器诱捕昆虫的种类相似,以鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、脉翅目、双翅目、直翅目和膜翅目等为主。诱捕的主要昆虫是蜉金龟Aphodius sp.、白云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov、额喙丽金龟Adoretus nigriforns Steven、毛喙丽金龟Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus、绣罗夜蛾Leucanitis picta Christoph和淘赏夜蛾Catocala puerpera Giorna等。其中:灭虫器在400 nm波长下的诱捕量最多,其次是320～580 nm和360 nm波长。综合分析比较:400 nm波长对鞘翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好,360 nm波长对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫的诱捕能力最强,520 nm波长对半翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好。对天敌的安全性研究表明:FWS-DBL-1太阳能灭虫器对天敌有一定的诱捕作用,益害比为1∶4～1∶5。诱捕量较多的是步甲科和草蛉科的天敌,占天敌总诱捕量的85.82%。在这5个波长中,360 nm波长下,灭虫器对天敌的诱捕作用最小,对天敌的安全性相对较高。     

农业害虫高温调控的研究进展

利用高温控制害虫具有无残留、无污染的优点,高温对害虫的致死作用在害虫种群生态调控研究和保证食品安全,促进绿色农产品生产中有潜在的应用价值。本文综述了国内外影响高温对昆虫致死效应的因子和应用高温防治害虫的技术方法。影响高温致死效率的因子包括：温度的高低和处理时间的长短,不同温度的处理顺序和预适应温度等温度处理模式,缺氧等逆境胁迫,昆虫种类及其发育阶段等。利用高温防治害虫的技术包括：温室内,在生长期采用高温闷棚,在播前产后用热蒸汽处理苗床或培养土。在田间,利用对作物安全的瞬间明火烧伤害虫敏感部位;利用害虫的趋光性点明火诱杀;作物生产空闲期采取覆膜封闭,利用太阳能产生高温、缺氧条件,减少或根除土传病菌和害虫。在仓库,利用微波、无线射频或流动床产生的热空气在短时间内升温,杀死储粮害虫。在储运场所,用热水浸泡、热蒸汽熏蒸、高温结合低氧或低温以及盐水浴结合无线射频处理鲜活农产品,杀死害虫。本文最后讨论了该领域存在的问题,指出阐明高温对昆虫影响的机理,降低防治成本,减轻作物和环境损害,是高温控制害虫技术推广应用的关键。     

山东菏泽曹州牡丹园捕食性天敌资源初探

1996和1999年,在山东菏泽曹州牡丹园对牡丹害虫捕食性天敌进行了系统调查,经鉴定查明：捕食性天敌计60种,隶属于6目16科39属。其中草间小黑蛛、斜纹花蟹蛛、条纹蝇虎、星豹蛛、黑色蚁蛛、多异瓢虫、二星瓢虫、丽草蛉和黑带食蚜蝇为优势种。研究了主要天敌种群的发生与消长。蜘蛛类于2月下旬开始活动,8、9月份为发生盛期,10月份以后数量逐渐下降;瓢虫类于3月下旬始见成虫活动,6月种群数量开始迅速增加,7—8月达到高峰,9月中下旬迅速下降。不同时期、不同牡丹株龄,蜘蛛的种类、数量明显不同。     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.     

Impact of cotton planting date and nitrogen fertilization on Bemisia argentifolii populations

The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) is a widely distributed pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the population levels may be affected by rates of nitrogen fertilization and planting date. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of cotton planting date and nitrogen fertilization on silverleaf whitefly population dynamics. Cotton was planted on 26 April and 8 June, for the early and late plantings, respectively. Nitrogen treatments consisted of soil applications of 0, 112, 168 and 224 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The population levels of adult whiteflies were much higher on early-planted cotton than on late planting. Also, increased numbers of adult whiteflies on both early and late plantings occurred with increasing amounts of applied nitrogen.Applied nitrogen increased seed cotton yields of early plantings but had no effect on the yields of late plantings.     

中国扁叶蝉亚科一新属三新种(同翅目,叶蝉科,扁叶蝉亚科)

报道扁叶蝉亚科1新属,网背叶蝉属Reticuluma gen.nov.及3新种,柑橘网背叶蝉R.citrana sp.nov.(模式种)、林氏网背叶蝉R.lini sp.nov.和刺茎网背叶蝉R.spinata sp.nov.模式标本存放于贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

中国带叶蝉属四新种记述(同翅目,叶蝉科,殃叶蝉亚科)

记述带叶蝉属Scaphoideus Uhler(同翅目,叶蝉科,殃叶蝉亚科)4新种:黑瓣带叶蝉S.nigrivalveus Li et Wang,sp.nov.(内蒙古、湖北)、曲茎带叶蝉S.curvanus Li et Wang,sp.nov.(云南)、藏氏带叶蝉S.zangi Li et Liang,sp.nov.(云南)及白腹带叶蝉S.palidrentris Li et Wang,sp.nov.(贵州).模式标本分别保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所和中国科学院动物研究所.     

新疆棉区主要害虫的演替及其机理分析

阐述了新疆棉区主要害虫的演替及其机理。1950～1960年主要害虫为黄地老虎、牧草盲蝽象、烟蓟马、苜蓿蚜为主;1970～1980年以棉铃虫、烟蓟马、棉长管蚜、棉红蜘蛛为主;从1990年开始以棉铃虫、棉蚜、棉红蜘蛛为主。导致这一演替的主要原因为作物布局、耕作制度、栽培方法、管理技术的变化和农药化肥的过量施用。     

菱纹叶蝉属中国种类记要(同翅目,叶蝉科,殃叶蝉亚科)

记述中国菱纹叶蝉属Hishimonus Ishihara 17种,其中有2新种,即长突菱纹叶蝉H.prolongatus sp.nov.和褐斑菱纹叶蝉H.fuscomaculatus sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

叉飞虱属(同翅目,飞虱科)分类研究

研究了叉飞虱属Garaga Anufriev的种类,共记述6个种,其中包括1新种G. trifurca Guo et Liang,sp.nov和中国大陆1新纪录种G.pallida Yang,补绘了已知种荻叉飞虱G.miscanthi Ding的特征图,并编制了叉飞虱属的分种检索表.