大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因及其邻近区域的核苷酸全序列

Some of microorganisms have been known to possess penicillin G acylase activity. The E. coli derived penicillin G acylase (PGA) can catalyze the conversion of penicillin G into phenylacetic acid and 6-amino-penicillanic acid, the latter is used as the starting compound for the industrial formation of semi-synthetic penicillins. Apart from its industrial importance, the enzyme PGA displays a number of interesting properties. Catalytically active enzyme is localized in the periplasmic space of E. coli cells and composed of two dissimilar subunits. The two subunits are apparently produced from a precursor protein, via a processing pathway hitherto unique in its features for a prokaryotic enzyme. The studies on processing of the precursor and on the relationship between structure and function of the mature enzyme are important theoretically. Previously we cloned a 3.5 kb DNA fragment from a strain (E. coli AS 1.76), which displays PGA activity. In this paper, we report a nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment containing PGA gene. After insertion of the DNA fragment into EcoR I and Hind III sites in pWR 13, pPGA 20 had been obtained. We subcloned the Hind III and Bg1 II treated fragment of 1.6 kb in length from pPGA 20 into Hind III and BamH I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.6, and Bg1 II and EcoR I treated fragment of 1.9 kb in length into BamH I and EcoR I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.9. The linearized pPGA 1.9 which were digested with appropriate restriction enzymes were progressively shortened from both ends respectively by digestion with Bal 31 nuclease, followed by cleavage of shortened target DNA off vector DNA molecules with appropriate restriction enzymes. The series of the DNA fragments shortened from EcoR I end were then cloned into plasmid pWR 13 which had previously digested with Hind III and Sma I enzymes (Fig. 1). The DNA fragment cloned in pWR 13 were directly sequenced on the resulted plasmids by using primer I and primer II. Thus we have obtained the complete nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment. The 3.5 kb fragment contains an intact PGA gene which is 2.6 kb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

生物矿物体的演化

生物矿物体,简称生矿体,指生物分泌而形成的无机化合物微晶及其集合体。它包括大硬体,如软体动物介壳和脊椎动物骨骼;也包括微细的硬体,如放射虫和颗石藻;还包括常被忽视的鳞片、牙齿、耳石、蛋壳、骨针、生矿簇和生矿粒等。生矿体的演化并不是生物门类和纲目的演化,而是生矿体类型、矿物和结构的演化。一、生矿体类型的演化生矿体按其成因、形状和大小大致可分:1.生矿粒(speck) 为分散的单一微晶体或胶体,大小1 μm 左右或更小,由原核或真核     

固定化尖镰孢菌细胞的某些酶学特性

尖镰孢菌(Fusariun oxysporum)33—11是一株青霉素V酰化酶的高产菌株。用二醋酸纤维素固定的该菌细胞裂解青霉素V最适的Ph范围为7．4至7.6;最适的反应温度为45℃至48℃;其酶活性受8-羟基喹啉和EDTA的可逆抑制,Mg²⁺、Zn^2-和Mn^2-离子则有激活作用。采用问歇式搅拌裂解青霉素V,测得0．6rnm颗粒度固定化细胞的表观km值为11．7mmol／L。裂解青霉素V的反应活化能为33kJ／mol;底物抑制常数Ks为1950mmol/L;苯氧乙酸和6-APA的抑制常数分别为220mmol／L和270mm0I／L,在裂解反应中．前者是竞争性抑制剂,后者是非竞争性抑制剂。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因片段的体外扩增

生物体尤其是高等动植物,绝大多数基因的拷贝数是很低的,如果没有基因扩增的手段,几乎无法研究基因的结构及其与表达的关系。当今分子生物学发展中最基本的技术之一基因克隆,实际上就是基因体内扩增(in vivo amplification)的技术。近年来发展了一种基因体外扩增(in vitro amplification)的新技术,又称     

稀土荧光探针在生物大分子研究中的应用

钙(Ⅱ)、镁(Ⅱ)离子是生物体内最重要的闭壳层无机阳离子。引入具有适当光性质的、与钙(Ⅱ)等离子成键性质相近的铽(Ⅲ)或铕(Ⅲ),利用荧光光谱技术,是研究一些与钙(Ⅱ)有关的生物大分子在水溶液中构象的一条有效途径。本文综述了稀土荧光探针技术的研究进展。     

RNA研究的一些新进展——RNA生物功能的多样性

近几年发现某些RNA具有酶(Ribozyme)的催化功能。这不仅改变了酶都是蛋白质的传统观念,而且认为在远古时期RNA可能就具有自我复制的活力,因而RNA是先于DNA和蛋白质的最早出现的生物大分子。真核细胞mRNA的剪接机制比较复杂,至今还远没有搞清楚。现在知道,必须通过一个由2′,5′磷酸二酯键形成的“套环”结构,另外还有一类核蛋白体(snRNP)参与反应。反义RNA通过其碱基序列与相关的mRNA形成互补碱基对的方式影响mRNA的翻译。tRNA是蛋白质生物合成中必不可少的一类RNA。此外,它还有其它重要的生物功能。