糖尿病用药误区

糖尿病是一种糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢障碍性疾病,其原因较多,但主要是胰岛素分泌或生成异常。糖尿病可分为胰岛素依赖性糖尿病及非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病。临床治疗糖尿病的用药过程中,尚存有误区,现略述如下。     

Isolation and Expression Pattern Analysis of Two Ferritin Genes in Tobacco

For understanding of the ferritin gene expression pattern and the mechanism of iron homeostasis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants, two full-length ferritin cDNAs, NtFerl and NtFer2, were isolated from tobacco seedlings and characterized. These cDNAs are 1 214 and 1 125 bp nucleotides and encode 251 and 259 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences showed that two tobacco ferritins share the same characteristics as the plant ferritins from Arabidopsis, soybean, and maize. Southern blotting analysis indicated that both NtFerl and NtFer2 were probably multicopy genes in the tobacco genome. Northern blotting analysis indicated that iron loading of tobacco plantlets increased the ferritin mRNA abundance and that NtFerl expression was higher and more sensitive to iron than NtFer2 expression. Furthermore, NtFerl was expressed in both leaves and roots, whereas NtFer2 was expressed mainly in leaves.     

Spatial heterogeneity and population risk analysis of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, in China

In this study, semivariance was used to quantitatively measure the spatial heterogeneity for the egg population of cotton bollworm during a growing season. The typical characteristic parameters of theoretical semivariance models against lag distances were applied to measure components of spatial heterogeneity： trend, range, spatial dependence, and the strength of spatial dependence. Then, kriging interpolation was used to evaluate the population risk of cotton bollworm exceeding economic thresholds. From early June through early September, the population densities were sampled 10 times in the study field. Results showed that the spatial patterns were related to population density. For its low-density population, the spatially heterogeneous trends were usually of spherical shapes; but for highdensity ones, the trends shifted to Gaussian shapes. The spatial dependence appeared at varied distances ranging from 52 meters to 936 meters, and the spatial dependence was in the range of 0.39-288.60, which changed with population densities. While having high heterogeneity, the strength of spatial dependence became much stronger. Results of population risk analysis showed that there was a high risk during its early stages, especially in mid-June. In August, population risk was so low that it did not need to be controlled.     

057实验室获得性布鲁菌病:西班牙全国性调查

布鲁菌病是一种地区性人畜共患病,也是兽医及肉类加工厂工人中最常见的职业性疾病。在一些发达国家,也是微生物实验室最重要的职业获得性感染,因此又称为实验室获得性布鲁菌病（labmatoryacquired Brucellosis,LAB）。     

一个推广增长曲线模型协差阵的最小二乘估计及其优良性

在准正态情形与独立同分布情形下,分别给出了一个推广增长曲线模型中协差阵的最小二乘估计,并得到了最小二乘估计成为一致最小方差不变二次无偏估计的充要条件．     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析。结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异。其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8／99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多。在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96．8％～99．5％,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96．6％～100％o而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91．7％～93．6％和91．8％～93．2％。说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系。特别是SD-1／97、SD-3／98、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98．4％和98．6％以上,SD-3／99、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100％。然而,致病性特别高的GX8／99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96．8％～9712％和96．6％～97．9％。相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8／99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异。     

NF-κB与中枢神经系统退变性疾病

转录因子NF-κB是介导许多免疫和炎症反应的中心物质,同时也是细胞凋亡信号通路中一个重要的转录调节因子。它主要是通过调节一系列参与免疫、炎症反应及凋亡的基因转录来发挥作用,但目前其具体的转录机制仍不是十分清楚。近年来,许多实验都证实在中枢神经系统中,尤其是在发生神经退变的部位可以检测到特异激活的NF-κB。但是关于NF-κB的活化究竟是参与神经退变还是神经保护机制,一直争论不休,至今没有定论。本文旨在回顾近年来NF-κB在神经系统退行性疾病中的研究进展,并探讨基于NF-κB途径的一些有望应用于临床的治疗措施。     

植物组织培养外植体褐变的研究进展

外植体的褐变是组织培养过程中的主要障碍。目前一般认为影响褐变的因素主要有外植体材料、培养基和培养条件。为了防止褐变的发生,主要可以从外植体和培养条件、进行细胞筛选和材料的预处理、抑制剂或吸附剂的加入等方面入手。酚、酚酶的区域性分布假说、自由基伤害假说、保护酶系统假说是褐变机理方面较为成熟的3种假说。     

蕲蛇酶局部灌注疗法治疗下肢血栓性疾病疗效观察

下肢血栓性疾病是周围血管病科常见病 ,近年来药物治疗的报道较多 [1,2 ] ,我们应用蕲蛇酶于患肢血管内灌注 ,取得了满意的疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　所有观察病例按就诊顺序 2 :1的比例分为治疗组与对照组 ,其中治疗组 35例 ,男1 8例 ,女 1 7例 ,年龄最小 2 3岁 ,最大 78岁 ,平均 ( 4 7.1 2± 1 1 .2 0 )岁 ;病程 3天至 1个月 ,平均( 6.2 3± 1 .46)天。对照组 2 4例 ,男 1 3例 ,女 1 1例 ,年龄最小 2 6岁 ,最大 71岁 ,平均 ( 4 6.2 3±1 3.81 )岁 ,病程 2天至 1个月 ,平均 ( 5.32±1 .35)天。治疗组动脉栓塞 5例 ,动…