华北人欧洲人和澳洲土著人的头骨厚度

The thickness of the cranial vault at the midline on the mid-frontal squama, pre-bregmatic einence, frontal at bregma, parietal at vertex, occipital at lambda and the external occipita1 protuberance was recorded in 40 male and 7 female Northern Chinese crania, 47 male and 52 female Australian Aboriginal crania and 13 male European crania using specially nodified vernier calipers. Comparison of vault thickness data obtained through direct measurement with those obtained fron lateral radiographs indicated that direct measurenent provided consistently more accurate results.
Male and fermale samples were processed separately so that the extent of sexbased variation could be examined.Student's t test was used to compare the sample means and the percentage of sexual dimorphism for each dimension was calculated according to Garn et al, (1964).The possibility of an allometric association between the thickness of the bones within the cranial vault, size of the cranial vault and stature was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Australian Aboriginal sample.
All but one of the mean thickness dimensions in the Australian Aboriginal male sample is significantly greater than the Northern Chinese and European means. The female results support those obtained with the males.In both males and females thickness at the external occipital protuberance, in all of the populations examined,did not correlate highly with that obtained from other parts of the cranial vault.This reflects the high degree of morphological variation in the position of the internal occipital protuberance and its influence on cranial vault thickness dimensions recorded at the external occipital protuberance.The European and Northern Chinese samples have similar cranial vault thickness dimensions. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient matrix scores provide sone support for a biological association between vault thickness and overall cranial size. However, there appears to be little support for an association between stature and cranial vault thickness. The difference between the male and female mean vault thickness dimensions were significant at bregma, vertex and the external occipital protuberance in Australian Aboriginals and lambda and the external occipital protuberance in Northern Chinese. Some caution is needed in the interpretation of the Northern Chinese female data as the sample is extremely small.
Evidence of trauma, supressed fractures, is extremely common on the vaults of Australian Aboriginal crania from southern and central Australia. Traditionally Australian Aboriginals, males and females, involved in agressive dispute will use a substantial wooden implement and strike to the head of thir opponent(Meggitt 1962).The injuries that result from this are more common in females than in male. This form of social interaction must have rigorously selected against those individuals with thinner bones in their cranial vaults. To a large degree this may explain the greatly thickened vaults in Australian Aboriginals relative to Europeans and Northern Chines.This may also provide a clue to the factors resulting in the development of marked cranial vault thickness in Homo erectus.
     

城市剩余活性污泥直接饲养蚯蚓可行性研究

采用箱式养殖法,用城市生活污水处理后的活性污泥直接饲养蚯蚓。试验结果表明:活性污泥直接饲养蚯蚓是可行的。其饲养条件是采用上投料时,新鲜污泥一次性投料厚度以小于30cm为宜,块状发臭污泥小于20cm为宜;采用下投料时,新鲜污泥一次性投料厚度以小于30cm为宜,块状发臭污泥不适宜蚯蚓生长。     

颈动脉内-中膜厚度及踝肱指数与冠心病的相关性研究

目的:通过研究颈动脉内-中膜厚度(carotid Intimal medial thickness cIMT)及踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)与冠心痛患者的相关性,探讨动脉硬化和动脉粥样硬化之间的相关性.方法:本研究入选264例在本院行冠脉造影的患者,按冠脉造影的结果分为对照组和冠心痛组,冠心痛组根据冠脉病变程度进一步分为单支、双支、多支病变组.所有入选者在冠脉造影前用日本ALOKAα 7超声检测cIMT,用日本科林无创动脉硬化测定仪测量两侧ABI.结果:冠心痛组cIMT明显高于对照组,踝臂指数明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);冠状动脉病变程度分析中:cIMT随着冠脉病变程度加重均有增高趋势,其中多支病变、双支病变组cIMT和颈动脉斑块积分均高于单支病变组、对照组,单支病变组cIMT和颈动脉斑块积分也明显高于对照组:ABI却随着冠脉病变程度加重均有降低趋势,多支病变组ABI均低于双支、单支痛变组和对照组,双支、单支痛变组ABI也明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:cIMT和ABI与冠心痛密切相关,在一定程度上可以预测冠心痛冠脉病变程度.     

性别对皮肤屏障障碍模型小鼠表皮厚度及丝聚合蛋白表达的影响

目的探索性别对小鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法用丙酮-乙醚法和胶带粘贴法复制皮肤屏障功能障碍模型、观察性别对皮肤屏障障碍模型小鼠的表皮厚度和丝聚合蛋白(FLG)表达的影响。结果与正常对照组相比,丙酮-乙醚组和胶带粘贴组小鼠表皮厚度增宽(P0.05);正常对照组雄鼠与雌鼠相比,表皮厚度无差异;而丙酮-乙醚组和胶带粘贴组雌鼠表皮厚度均较同组雄鼠增加(P0.05)。丙酮-乙醚组和胶带粘贴组与正常对照组相比,FLG蛋白表达水平降低(P0.05),同组雄鼠表达水平均低于雌鼠(P0.05)。结论皮肤机械屏障功能被破坏后,小鼠的表皮厚度变化存在性别差异,而FLG蛋白表达在正常或是皮肤屏障障碍小鼠中的性别差异均有统计学意义,提示在研究小鼠皮肤屏障障碍相关疾病的发病机制和治疗措施时应重视性别差异。     

高山地区土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性对雪被变化的响应

为了进一步了解气候变化背景下高山土壤生态过程, 2010 年11 月-2011 年4 月在青藏高原东缘采用PVC 管原位培养土壤的方法, 研究了雪况(积雪厚度和积雪周期)对土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果显示, 土壤温度和土壤含水量与覆雪状况具有显著的相关性。积雪厚度显著影响了微生物生物量和土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性, 表现为30 cm 积雪时微生物生物量和三种酶活均明显高于50 cm 和100 cm 的值。积雪周期对微生物生物量和酶活没有显著影响。而两者的交互作用在微生物生物量和酶活性上均表现出显著的效应。说明了气候变暖背景下冬季覆雪的变化会显著改变土壤微生物生物量和活性, 进而对土壤C、N 相关的生物化学过程产生影响。     

和血明目片联合全视网膜激光光凝术对糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨和血明目片联合全视网膜激光光凝术（PRP）对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度的影响。方法：选择2018年3月~2019年12月期间来安徽省第二人民医院接受治疗的60例DR患者,经计算机随机编号按奇偶顺序分为对照组（奇数,n=30）和研究组（偶数,n=30）,两组在接受常规降糖治疗的基础上,对照组患者接受PRP治疗,研究组患者接受和血明目片联合PRP治疗,对比两组临床总有效率,观察两组治疗前后的视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度变化。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组裸眼视力、视野、视敏度均升高,研究组的升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血浆黏度（PV）、红细胞聚集指数（AI）、全血高切黏度（NBH）、全血低切黏度（NBL）、血沉（ESR）均下降,研究组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）、下方脉络膜厚度（ICT）、上方脉络膜厚度（SCT）、鼻侧脉络膜厚度（NCT）、颞侧脉络膜厚度（TCT）均下降,研究组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：和血明目片联合PRP可有效改善DR患者的视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度。     

Development of upland rice introgression lines and identification of QTLs for basal root thickness under different water regimes

Introgression lines (ILs) are valuable materials for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs),evaluating genetic interactions,and marker assisted breeding.A set of 430 ILs (BC5F3) containing segments from upland tropical japonica cultivar IRAT109 in a lowland temperate japonica cultivar Yuefu background were developed.One hundred and seventy-six polymorphic markers were used to identify introgressed segments.No segment from IRAT 109 was found in 160 lines.Introgressed segments of the other 270 lines covered 99.1％ of the donor genome.The mean number of introgressed donor segments per individual was 3.3 with an average length of 14.4 cM.QTL analysis was conducted on basal root thickness (BRT) of the 270 ILs grown under irrigated lowland,upland and hydroponic conditions.A total of 22 QTLs affecting BRT were identified,six QTLs (qBRT3.1,qBRT3.2,qBRT6.1,qBRT8.2,qBRT9.1,and qBRT9.2) were consistently expressed under at least two environments (location and water regime),and qBRT7.2 was a new BRT QTL identified under lowland conditions.IL255 containing qBRT9.1 showed an increase of 10.09％ and 7.07％ BRT over cultivar Yuefu when grown under upland and lowland conditions,respectively.Using a population of 304 F2:3 lines derived from the cross IL255 × Yuefu,qBRT9.1 was validated and mapped to a 1.2 cM interval between RM24271 and RM566.The presence of qBRT9.1 explained 12％ of BRT variation.The results provide upland rice ILs and BRT QTLs for analyzing the genetic basis of drought resistance,detecting favorable genes from upland rice,and rice drought resistance breeding.     

秦岭太白山北坡土壤有机碳储量的海拔梯度格局

土壤碳库是陆地生态系统的重要碳库,山区大约占全球25%的陆地表面积,因此研究山区土壤有机碳储量的变化特征及其影响因素对丰富陆地生态系统土壤碳循环理论具有重要的意义。在秦岭太白山北坡上,海拔高度每隔50 m设置一个采样点,研究土壤有机碳储量的海拔梯度变化特征及其影响因素。海拔梯度对太白山北坡的SOCD影响显著,且不同土层厚度的SOCD均呈现出随着海拔梯度的增加而增加的趋势,增加幅度高达10%—88%。不同气候带上的SOCD差异显著,呈现出亚寒带(3.63 kg/m~2)大于寒温带(3.40 kg/m~2)大于温带(3.39 kg/m~2)大于暖温带(3.30 kg/m~2)的趋势。SOCD也因植被带发生显著差异,最小值出现在低山扰动带仅为2.15 kg/m~2,而最大值出现在高山草甸带高达3.63 kg/m~2,平均2.94 kg/m~2。SOCD随着土层厚度的增加呈现出减少的趋势,减少幅度为14%—70%。在太白山北坡上,随着海拔梯度的增加,土层深度从低山区的78 cm减少到中山区的33 cm和高山区的10 cm,相应的总SOCD从低山区的35.45 kg/m~2减少到中山区的28.84 kg/m~2和高山区的12.29 kg/m~2,但是对应单位土层深度上的SOCD却从低山区的0.51 kg/m~2增加到中山区的0.87 kg/m~2和高山区的1.23 kg/m~2。因此,在秦岭太白山北坡上,除了海拔梯度、气候带、植被带、土层厚度等因素以外,土层深度对土壤有机碳储量的影响不容忽视,这对准确预测该区域的土壤碳储量具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

视网膜病变早产儿视网膜厚度与血清血管新生细胞因子PEDF和VEGF表达的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨视网膜病变早产儿视网膜厚度与血清血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、色素上皮衍生因子（pigment epithelium derived factor,PEDF）表达的相关性。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,2016年2月到2021年6月选择在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院眼科就诊的早产儿视网膜病变患儿80例作为观察组,同期选择足月视网膜病变患儿80例作为对照组,测定两组患儿视网膜厚度,检测血管新生细胞因子-PEDF与VEGF表达情况,对两者进行相关性分析。结果：观察组患儿的颞侧、上方、下方的视网膜神经纤维层厚度都显著高于对照组,两组对比差异明显(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的血清VEGF水平高于对照组,PEDF水平低于对照组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在观察组患儿中,Pearson相关系数相关性分析显示血清PEDF水平与VEGF水平呈现显著负相关性(r=-0.341, P<0.05);患儿颞侧、上方、下方的视网膜神经纤维层厚度与血清PEDF水平成显著负相关性(P<0.05),与血清VEGF水平成显著正相关性(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示血清PEDF、VEGF水平都为导致早产儿视网膜厚度发生的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论：早产儿视网膜厚度均高于足月儿,血管新生细胞因子PEDF、VEGF呈现异常表达情况,视网膜厚度与PEDF、VEGF的表达都有一定的相关性,PEDF、VEGF也为导致早产儿视网膜病变发生的重要因素。     

Relationships between leaf thickness and vein traits of Achnatherum splendens under different soil moisture conditions in a flood plain wetland,Heihe River,China

Aims The correlations between leaf thickness and vein traits influenced the leaf hydraulic dynamic balance, and there were important meanings to reveal ecophysiological mechanisms of plant leaves water transport and growth rate. Our objective was to study the changes in the relationship between leaf thickness and vein traits (vein diameter, vein density) of Achnatherum splendenspopulations by using standardized major axis estimation (SMA) method under different soil moisture conditions located in flood plain wetland of Zhangye.Methods The study site was located at flood plains wetland of Zhangye, Gansu Province, China. Selecting a starting point along the vertical direction of the river, in turn, along the soil moisture gradient, four plots were set up at intervals of 40 m, plot I (50.07%), plot II (38.77%), plot III (31.5%) and plot IV (20.4%). From each of the four sample plots, seven samples were collected, resulting in (5 m × 5 m) a total of 28 samples. Community traits (height, density) and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated. Six individual samplings of A. splendens from each plot were used to measure the leaf thickness, vein density and vein diameter in laboratory. In addition, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and transpiration rate (T_r) of A. splendens were measured in natural environment. The 28 plots were categorized into groups I, II, III and IV, and SMA estimation method was then used to examine the allometric relationship among leaf thickness, vein density and vein diameter. Important findings With a decreased soil moisture, the plant density and height displayed a pattern of steadily declining, while the soil electrical conductivity increased, In addition, the vein density, leaf thickness, water use efficiency (WUE), PAR and twig number of A. splendens displayed a pattern of initial decrease, whereas the vein diameter and T_r increase gradually, P_n and plant high displayed changing trends of increasing-decreasing. The leaf thickness was negatively associated with the vein density, vein diameter, and the relationship varied with the soil moisture conditions (p< 0.05). There was a significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) between the leaf thickness and vein density. The SMA slope of the regression equation gradually decreased and was significantly different from 1.0 (p < 0.05) on plot I and IV. In addition, along decreased soil moisture, the standardized major axis slope of regression equation in the scaling relationships between the leaf thickness and vein diameter gradually increased and was significantly different from -1.0 (p < 0.05) on plot I and IV.