布雷费尔德对真菌的进化观点在真菌分类中所起的影响*

布雷费尔德(O. Brefeld)虽对真菌纯培养方法的改进和真菌发育与生理知识作出了不少贡献,但他的主要贡献还是对真菌系统发育的观点。按照他的这种观点,卵菌不是真正的真菌,它应与粘菌一起排除在真菌之外,而真正的真菌应从接合菌开始。他并将子囊菌和担子菌分别分为半子囊菌和真子囊菌,半担子菌和真担子菌。     

薇甘菊提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避及杀卵作用

【目的】探讨入侵杂草薇甘菊Mikania micrantha对棕榈害虫红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena的产卵忌避活性。【方法】采用室内生物测定法,研究薇甘菊不同溶剂提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避作用和杀卵活性。【结果】产卵忌避试验结果表明,薇甘菊各提取物中,以正己烷和三氯甲烷提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避效果最好,两者的选择性忌避率分别为43.64%和44.20%,非选择性忌避率分别为51.60%和59.20%。对卵孵化率的影响显示,各溶剂提取物均对红脉穗螟具有一定的杀卵活性,其中三氯甲烷提取物对卵孵化率的影响最大,校正孵化率最低,仅为53.39%,而且三氯甲烷提取物引起的1龄幼虫的死亡率最高,可达42.64%。在薇甘菊三氯甲烷提取物的不同溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避和杀卵活性均显著高于其他溶剂萃取物。【结论】薇甘菊提取物具有一定的产卵忌避和杀卵活性,具有用于红脉穗螟的生态防控的潜力。     

抑卵激素对家蝇卵巢周期性发育的调控

抑卵激素是调控家蝇Musca dorncstica vicina卵巢周期性发育的关键因子之一。在家蝇中,当第一个周期的卵母细胞处于卵黄发生期或卵黄发生后期时,其第二个周期的卵母细胞的发育不进入卵黄发生期。本文建立了家蝇抑卵激素的生物测定方法,即用一对卵巢提取物注射1头羽化后12h家蝇,并在羽化后60h观察卵母细胞的发育及卵黄蛋白的沉积情况。抑卵激素的作用首先是延缓了卵母细胞在卵黄发生前期的发育;其次,抑卵激素抑制脂肪体中卵黄蛋白的合成,导致血淋巴中卵黄蛋白含量的下降,从而抑制了卵母细胞的发育。抑卵激素并不抑制卵母细胞对卵黄原蛋白的摄取。卵发育神经激素可以颉抗抑卵激素的抑制作用。抑卵激素无种属特异性。     

魔芋葡苷聚糖（KGM）凝胶为亲和层析载体与Sepharose4B的比较 …

将ＫＧＭ和Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ凝胶在相同条件下活化、偶联接上染料Ｃｉｂａｃｒｏｎ Ｂｌｕｅ Ｆ３ＧＡ制成了ＫＧＭ和Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ染料亲和吸附剂,并用来与牛血甭白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）作用,每毫升ＫＧＭ亲和吸附剂可吸附ＢＳＡ ２８ｍｇ,用ＮａＳＣＮ洗脱时间为８４．５％,而Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ染料样和吸附剂每毫升可吸附ＢＳＡ １５．３ｍｇ,用ＮａＳＣＮ洗脱时间收迷８１．７％,并对两种凝胶的染     

安吉小鲵种种数量和数量动态的研究

本文对分布于激光省安吉县龙王山自然保护区的安吉小鲵的种数量进行了调查和分析,安吉小鲵分布区狭窄,种群数量小,由于环境变化,处于濒危状态,应加以保护。     

玉米铁甲虫卵在玉米植株上的垂直分布及其二阶抽样技术研究

玉米铁甲虫Dactylispa setifera(chapuis)卵的调查技术,近年来一直沿用全株检查的简单随机抽样估计法,以一定玉米株的卵密度估计百株或全田卵量。为了达到抽样技术的“准确、迅速、简便、价廉”标准,就需对其生物学特性、作物生长期以及抽样理论进行综合研究。本文就虫卵的立体空间分布规律进行了探讨,提出了卵密度调查的二阶抽样技术,为该虫的预测预报和防治提供必要的依据。     

野牛平腹吸虫虫卵和尾蚴的扫描电镜初步观察

近年来随着电镜技术的发展,寄生虫超微结构方面的研究资料已相当丰富,但有关同盘类吸虫蚴期超微结构的资料尚未见报道。我们于1988—1989年在野牛平腹吸虫的生活史研究(另文发表)的同时,对本虫虫卵和成熟尾蚴进行了扫描电镜观察。     

夜蛾科卵的数值分类研究（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）

本文以３４种卵作为分类单元,对４１个性状了数值分类研究。结果表明卵的形态特征可以作为夜蛾科分属的重要依据,并支持把黄地老虎归入Ａｇｒｏｔｉｓ属的观点。     

蝶类的生命周期——从卵到成虫

简要介绍了蝶类与蛾类的区别以及蝶类生命周期的分期,即卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫期和休眠期,并比较详细地介绍了蝶类的卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态、生态和生物学特性。     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.