细菌整合子与移动性基因盒的研究进展

整合子是由整合酶基因、基因盒和基因盒附着位点三者组成的遗传元件.在整合酶介导下,整合子通过位点特异的重组系统获取并交换外源DNA(基因盒),即将基因盒整合到整合子上或将之从整合子上剪切下来,但是整合子本身不能够移动.本文综述了国外近年来关于整合子与基因盒的结构特征及其分类的研究近况,对了解整合子及与之密切相关的移动性基因盒在细菌的多重耐药和毒力研究中,尤其是在适应选择性压力下细菌基因组进化中的作用具有重要的意义.     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

野生与笼养绿孔雀种群的随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术对野生14只和笼养18只绿孔雀（Pavo muticus）个体进行了种群遗传多样性分析。用23个随机引物,野生与笼养绿孔雀分别获得161和166个扩增片段,计算发现野生与笼养绿孔雀的种群内平均相对遗传距离分别是0.0555和0.1355,两种群间的为0.1635;两种群的Shannon多样性指数平均分别是0.4348和1.0163,有显著性差异。以上分析都显示野生绿孔雀的遗传多样性很低。用UPGMA法聚类显示两个种群都是分别来源于两个家系,可据此进行繁育管理。 Abstract:Random-amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the population of 14 wild green peafowl and 18 captive green peafowl(pavo muticus).Total of 161 and 166 bands were obtained respectively,and 23 random primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of the wild and captive green peafowls.The average relative hereditary distance of the wild and captive green peafowls is 0.0555 and 0.1355 respectively;and the Shannon diversity index is 0.4348 and 1.0163 respectively.There is a prominent differentia between the two populations by T-Test of HO.All the analyses above show that the genetic diversity is very low in wild green peafowl.It tells us that the two populations come from two families by using UPGMA,which can be useful in the breeding management in the future.     

卵巢上皮癌细胞株间APE1单核苷酸多态性的研究

目的:检测APE1单核苷酸多态性变化在卵巢上皮癌细胞株HO-8910、A2780、SKOV3间的表达,对进行大样本临床病例对照研究探讨APE1遗传变异与卵巢癌易感性关系进行指导.方法:提取各细胞株基因组DNA,PCR扩增目的片段,直接测序法检测产物APE1位点rs1760944、rs1130409和rs2307486在细胞株中的基因表达,测序结果解读采用Chromas2软件,并结合NCBI及HapMap数据库分析测序结果.结果:测序结果发现rs1130409突变型等位基因(G)位于细胞株A2780中,基因型为T/G;其野生型等位基因(T)位于HO-8910及SKOV3,基因型均为T/T; rs 1760944突变型等位基因(G)位于细胞株A2780、SKOV3及HO-8910中,基因型均为G/G;rs2307486在三株细胞株均为野生型纯合子A/A.结论:APE1基因位点rs 1130409与rs 1760944在卵巢癌上皮细胞株HO-8910、A2780、SKOV3间存在单核苷酸多态性变化,提示其单核苷酸多态性可能与卵巢上皮癌易感性相关;rs2307486在HO-8910、A2780、SKOV3中不存在多态性改变,提示其单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮癌易感性可能无关.     

口蹄疫病毒外源序列插入位点的研究进展

伴随着对口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)蛋白结构功能的深入研究,发现FMDV能够表达外源基因片段。通过对FMDV的基因进行改造和修饰研究,进而实现了不同应用目的,如提高病毒滴度、引入标记、提高免疫应答、降低致病性等。文中主要从FMDV接受外源基因插入位点角度来介绍现阶段关于FMDV表达外源基因相关进展。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA糖基化位点缺失突变株的构建及生物学特性

不同H5亚型禽流感(AIV)HA上糖基化位点的分布是不同的,然而不同糖基化位点对病毒的作用仍不十分清楚。本研究利用定点突变和反向遗传操作构建了3个不同糖基化位点单缺失突变病毒,并对其增殖特性和毒力进行了测定。结果表明,通过HA基因序列测定和免疫印迹分析证实已成功去除了特定糖基化位点。158位糖基化位点缺失突变株rS△158在鸡胚中的EID50和MDCK细胞上TCID50比野生型rS略低,空斑直径显著减小;而单独去除169位和290位糖基化位点的rS△169和rS△290的EID50和TCID50略高于野生型rS,空斑直径相近,但空斑数要比后者高出10倍以上。所有突变株及野生型病毒在CEF上增殖速率相同,对SPF鸡均是高致病性的。因此,糖基化位点可影响病毒的体外增殖,但结果因细胞而异。     

大白菜部分形态性状的QTL定位与分析

应用352个标记位点的大白菜AFLP和RAPD图谱和一套栽培品种间杂交获得的重组自交系群体,采用复合区间作图的方法对大白菜9个形态性状进行QTL定位及遗传效应研究。在14个连锁群上检测到50个QTL:其中控制株型的QTL有5个;控制株高的QTL有6个;控制开展度的QTL有5个;控制最大叶长的QTL有7个;控制最大叶宽的QTL有4个;控制叶形指数的QTL有6个;控制中肋长的QTL有7个;控制中肋宽的QTL有4个;控制抽苔的QTL有6个。另外,估算了单个QTL的遗传贡献率和加性效应。这将为大白菜品种改良中形态性状的分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。     

MALDI-TOF质谱法检测单核苷酸多态性

随着基因数据的增加 ,使全面深入了解个体和群体间基因组的变异或多态性已成为可能。单核苷酸多态性 (ｓｉｎｇｌｅｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ ,ＳＮＰ)指ＤＮＡ序列中单个核苷酸的变异引起的多态 ,它占已知多态性的80 %。据估计 ,人类基因组中每 1 0 0 0个核苷酸就有一个ＳＮＰ ,人类 30亿碱基中共有 30 0万以上的ＳＮＰ ,其中约有 2 0万存在于编码区 ,称作ｃＳＮＰ(ｃｏｄｉｎｇＳＮＰ)。ＳＮＰ研究具有重要意义 :第一 ,存在于蛋白质编码区的ｃＳＮＰ可能与人类遗传疾病有关 ,对这些ＳＮＰ等位基因的检测有助于找到致…     

质量—数量性状遗传参数估计的P1,P2,F1,B1,B2联合分析方法

提出利用亲本Ｐ_１和Ｐ_２、杂种Ｆ_１、回交Ｂ_１和Ｂ_１五个世代联合分析包括两个位点主基因控制的质量－数量性状遗传的统计方法,共建立了可供选择的微基因遗传、一对主基因＋微基因混合遗传、二对主基因＋微基因混合遗传三类五种（套）共 ２８个遗传模型,采用 ＡＩＣ信息准则选择最适模型,并通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步的检验．文章最后还讨论了两种变型设计．