腰椎间盘突出患者自我效能水平应用效果观察

目的探讨规范的护理干预对提高腰椎间盘突出患者自我效能管理的应用效果。方法将我院2014年1~12月收治的腰椎间盘突出行半椎板减压加髓核摘除的患者71例按住院号的单双号进行分组,单号为对照组34例,双号为观察组37例。对照组给予常规指导,观察组采用规范的干预模式(从住院到出院后6个月),分别在干预前,出院后3、6个月评价两组患者自我效能、疼痛、康复锻炼、平均住院费用、平均住院时间及各种并发症的发生情况。结果观察组干预后不同时段自我效能水平均高于干预前,而且明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的疼痛明显缓解、康复锻炼的执行力高、平均住院时间及住院费用低、并发症的发生率明显降低,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论护理干预可提高患者的自我效能,以改善其自我管理行为水平,值得临床推广。     

生态系统的人口承载力理论初探

人口膨涨是当今人类面临的五大问题之一,也是我国目前所面临的最棘手的一个问题。近年来,人口学的发展很快,但是目前人口学研究的主要问题是人口统计、人口预测、人口控制和人口经济等方面,其中对于人口控制的目标,即定量研究理想人口数量的工作则刚开始。从生态学角度讨论人口承载力问题的更少。生态系统人口承载力的研究不仅可以给出一个生态系统(如全球生态系统或一个流域或一个地区)在保证系统结构和功能不受破坏条件下所能供养的最大人口数,而且可以给出该生态系统的人口控制目标,使人口控制的目标选择具有科学的基础。     

提高湿地农业生态系统的总体功能与效益

我国农业可概分为湿地农业与旱地农业两大部分。湿地农业区主要分布于占国土面积32%的湿润区,耕地集中,系农副产品重要生产基地。仅以长江中下游地区为例,耕地占全国21%,稻、麦、棉、油菜的总产分别占全国的47%、20%、33.5%和50%,出栏猪头数、禽蛋和淡水鱼产量分别占全国的38.8%、35.8%和58.8%。随着商品经济发展,对湿地农业生产将有更高要求。由此,研究并提高湿地农业生态系统的总体结构、功能与效益就显得很迫切。本文拟以江苏为实例就如何开发与提高湿地农业生态系统的总体功能与效益作如下探讨。     

当代森林动态的计算机模型述评

一、引言森林动态这一广义语,包括森林生态系统随时间的任何变化。要想经营好森林,使其为人类创造出最大的财富,必须深刻认识森林的动态规律。在过去的一个多世纪里,森林生态学家们对森林动态规律进行了广泛而深入的研究,现已形成各种动态学说。随着科学的发展以及森林经营水平的提高,人们逐渐用各种方     

Global change and ecosystems research progress and prospect

全球变化与生态系统研究是一个宏观与微观相互交叉、多学科相互渗透的前沿科学领域, 重点研究生态系统结构和功能对全球变化的响应及反馈作用, 其目标是实现人类对生态系统服务的可持续利用。《植物生态学报》的《全球变化与生态系统》专辑在对国内外全球变化研究进行历史回顾和综合分析的基础上, 总结了全球变化与生态系统研究的阶段性重大进展及存在的主要问题, 并对全球变化研究的前沿方向进行展望和建议。根据研究内容和对象, 该专辑系统地综述了不同全球变化因子, 包括CO₂和O₃浓度升高、气候变暖、降水格局改变、氮沉降增加、土地利用变化等对陆地植物生理生态、群落结构及生态系统功能等的影响以及全球变化对海洋生态系统的影响; 探讨生态系统关键过程以及生物多样性的变化; 在明确全球变化生态效应的基础上, 阐明这些影响对气候和环境变化的反馈机制, 为构筑全球变化的适应对策提供生态学理论基础。     

A review on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs induced by anthropogenic activities and atmospheric N and P deposition have largely increased the availability of soil N and P in terrestrial ecosystems, which have considerably affected terrestrial carbon cycling processes. Tree growth and productivity in forest ecosystems play an important role in global carbon cycling, and determine the magnitude and direction of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Currently, a large number of field manipulation experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of N and/or P addition on tree growth and forest productivity, but the results from these studies were inconsistent. Such inconsistent results might be affected by multiple factors, including biological, environmental and experimental variables. Here, we reviewed the present research status of the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity in forest ecosystems based on three aspects, including the number of publications and experiments with field N and P addition, and the global distributions of these experiments. Then, we summarized the methods for assessing tree growth and forest productivity at ecosystem level in forest ecosystems, including relative growth rate and absolute increment. According to the related results, we reviewed the regulating factors that affect tree growth and productivity, and the potential mechanisms for such factors, including climate, tree size and stand age, plant functional traits (including type of tree-associated mycorrhizal fungi, N-fixation property of trees, and conservative and acquisitive functional traits), plant-microbe interaction, ambient nutrient (i.e., N and P) deposition rate, and experimental variables. Finally, we summarized the current studies, and pointed out five aspects that are urgently needed to provide further insights in future studies, including the physiological mechanism of how tree growth responds to N and P addition, the tradeoff and allocation among growth of various parts of tree under N and P addition, the role of plant functional traits in regulating and predicting the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, how the competition among trees regulates the responses of tree growth to N and P addition, and conducting long-term and coordinated distributed field experiments investigating the effects of N and P addition on tree growth and forest productivity at the global scale.     

农业生态系统的稳定机制

建立高效稳定整体功能良好的农业生态系统是生态农业的主要宗旨。探讨农业生态系统的稳定机制对于生态农业的实践具有重要的理论指导意义。作为开放型的人工生态系统,农业生态系统的稳定机制包括内源稳定机制和外源调控机制两个方面。其中内源稳定机制由系