基于林业清查资料的桂西北植被碳空间分布及其变化特征

基于2005-2010年林业资源清查数据,采用材积源生物量法,运用地理信息系统技术,估算和分析了桂西北植被碳密度及其储量的空间分布及其变化。结果显示:(1) 研究区域从2005年到2010年呈现碳汇变化趋势,植被碳储量由4.19×10⁴t增加到4.27×10⁴t(增幅为1.84%),植被碳密度从29.04t/hm²增加到29.57 t/hm²。(2) 从治理措施、林种起源方式及林种类型来看,自然保护区的植被碳密度最大,超过40 t/hm²。2005-2010年,人工植苗、直播、飞播和萌生方式植被碳密度增加,退耕还林工程的植被碳密度均呈明显增长(增加3.00 t/hm²),所有林种碳密度都呈不同程度的增长。 (3)植被碳密度空间分布上,大致表现为西部高、中东部低,北部高、南部低。西部区植被碳密度均值超过40 t/hm²,中东部区植被碳密度均值低于25 t/hm²。植被碳密度变化在空间分布上表现为无论是非喀斯特区还是喀斯特区的植被碳密度都有增长趋势,其中有7个县市植被碳密度升级为更高等级。研究表明,随着退耕还林、生态移民等治理措施的实施,区域植被碳密度显著增加,生态环境好转。     

华中五味子干燥材料DNA提取方法的研究

目的：建立一套适合从华中五味子硅胶干燥的幼芽中提取高质量DNA的方法,为进一步开展分子生物学研究奠定基础。方法：比较SDS法、SIX-CTAB法、SDS-CTAB法以及经过作者改进的CTAB法,运用紫外光谱和电泳分析方法测定所得DNA样品的纯度与完整性。结果：四种方法中改进CTAB法所得DNA纯度最高,完整性好,其A260/A280值为1．81,A260/A230值为2．13,经稳定性试验证明该方法稳定。结论：改进CTAB法是一套适合从华中五味子硅胶干燥的幼芽中提取高质量DNA的方法。     

北柴胡根的发育解剖学研究

应用常规石蜡切片方法对北柴胡（Bupleurum chinense DC．）1年生主根的中部和2年生主根的根尖和中部进行了横向与纵向解剖观察,研究根的发育过程,并对其1年生与2年生主根中部的结构进行了比较分析。结果表明,北柴胡根的发育包括原分乍组织、初生分生组织、初生结构和次生生长4个发育阶段。原分生组织由3群原始细胞组成,其细胞具有典型分生组织的细胞学特征;初生分生组织包括根冠原、表皮原、皮层原和中柱原。初生结构由表皮、皮层和中柱组成。初生木质部为二原型。次生生长主要是依靠维管形成层和木栓形成层的活动来完成。其木栓形成层由中柱鞘细胞恢复分裂能力而形成。2年生北柴胡主根的基本结构与1年生的相同,但与1年生的相比,其周皮、次生韧皮部和木质部面积均增加。不同点具体表现在：2年生主根的周皮增厚;分泌道数量增加;次生木质部中木纤维成群分布,在横切面上连接成一个圆环,其维管射线明显。多为多列射线。分泌道主要分布在中柱鞘薄壁组织和次生韧皮部中,均是裂生方式发生,属次生分泌道,初生结构中无分泌道存在。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

中药柴胡不同采收期的皂甙含量

中药柴胡不同采收期的皂甙含量潘泽惠庄体德周雪林林湘（江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）（黑龙江双鸭山矿务局师范学校,双鸭山１５５１２５）ＯｎｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｓａｐｏｎｉｎｓｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｄｉｔ...     

南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井晚渐新世—更新世钙质超微化石

对南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井1 338.1～3 086.1 m井段内的110块样品进行了钙质超微化石分析,发现上部1 338.1～2 075.7 m地层含较丰富的钙质超微化石,而下部2 091.0～3 086.1 m井段化石丰度低或未见。根据钙质超微化石标志种的存在,识别出NN17带、NN15带、NN11带、NN6带、NN4带和NP25带等6个钙质超微化石末现面事件,由此对该井的生物地层进行了划分,认为研究井段的地层时代为晚渐新世—更新世,推测本井缺失了部分中新统沉积。依据钙质超微化石总丰度、分异度及特征性环境指示属或种的丰度变化,探讨了1 338.1～3086.1 m井段的沉积环境演化过程,可分为6个演化阶段。从晚渐新世至更新世,经历了海水由浅变深再变浅的过程,其中早中新世早期水深最浅,中中新世—早上新世水体温暖且水深最大。     

西藏横断山种子植物区系新资料

【目的】横断山脉北部生物多样性丰富,最近10多年,有许多关于该区域生物多样性的考察报道。考察队于2023年6—8月在横断山北部开展了植物多样性和植被结构调查,又获得了不少新的考察成果。【方法】通过野外调查对植物进行采集和拍照,制作标本,并进行分类鉴定,报道了采自西藏横断山北缘昌都察雅地区的8个西藏新记录种。【结果】分别为矮麻黄(Ephedra minuta Florin)、拧条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、炉霍杜鹃（Rhododendron luhuoense H. P. Yang）、千里香杜鹃(Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim.)、长柱直枝杜鹃(Rhododendron orthocladum var. longistylum Philipson et M. N. Philipson)、南方雪层杜鹃(Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. subsp. australe Philipson et M. N. Philipson)、茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)、细穗藜[Chenopodiastrum gracilispicum (H.W. Kung) Uotila]。【结论】新分布植物的发现对于西藏横断山区植物区系的补充具有重要意义。凭证标本保存于宜宾学院植物标本室。     

北苍术叶片功能性状种源变异及其对科尔沁沙地环境的响应

【目的】探究北苍术叶片功能性状对科尔沁沙地的响应与适应规律。【方法】选择4个种源地北苍术半野生种子通过同质园实验育苗移栽于奈曼旗中(蒙)药材科研基地,以3年生北苍术叶片为材料,研究北苍术叶片结构与功能特性对科尔沁沙地的响应与适应规律。【结果】扎鲁特旗种源北苍术下部叶叶裂程度较明显,叶片革质化;北苍术叶上表皮细胞厚度、下表皮细胞厚度变异系数与可塑性指数均较大,围场县种源北苍术叶片上表皮细胞厚度、扎鲁特旗种源北苍术叶片下表皮细胞厚度显著高于其他种源,栅海比、组织结构紧密度较大;阿荣旗、扎鲁特旗种源地北苍术叶片上表皮气孔数量较多,喀喇沁旗种源上表皮气孔数量极少、气孔密度较小,喀喇沁旗种源叶片下表皮气孔数量显著高于其他3个种源地;围场县、扎鲁特旗种源地北苍术叶片光合能力较强。【结论】围场县、扎鲁特旗种源地的北苍术对科尔沁沙地有较强的适应能力。     

海南、贵州和四川三省翼手类新纪录——褐扁颅蝠

上世纪90年代之后国内对翼手目动物的调查和研究取得较为突出的成就,发现3种蝙蝠新种(Zhang et al., 2007; Feng et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2008),5种中国新纪录(何晓瑞和杨白仑,1991;赵辉华等,2002; 吴毅等,2004;张礼标等,2004,2005;张劲硕等,2005;冯庆等,2006),以及10种省级新纪录(胡锦矗和吴毅,1993;吴毅和李操1997;吴毅等,1999;吴毅等,2001;刘颖等,2005;罗键和高红英,2006;江廷磊等,2007).     

赣西北食(药)用菌的种质资源

报道了赣西北地区的食 (药 )用真菌 12 4种 ,其中 7种为江西的新记录种。为本地区大型野生真菌资源的开发与利用提供可靠依据。