一种新型细胞摄取增强的两亲性卟啉类光敏剂及肿瘤光动力治疗研究

光敏剂能否被肿瘤细胞高效吸收是影响光动力治疗效率的重要因素。亲脂性光敏剂易于被肿瘤组织摄取,但会使光敏剂发生自猝灭;亲水性光敏剂则有利于光敏剂在体内的转运,但肿瘤细胞摄取率会下降。本工作通过亲酯性的乙二醇缩合支链和亲水性季膦基团与卟啉相连接,成功制备一种新型两亲性卟啉锌化合物(ZnTP-TP),实验表明该化合物具有较高的单线态氧量子产率和良好的两亲性,可被细胞快速摄取,并表现出较低的细胞毒性和良好的肿瘤光动力治疗效应。     

Spatial patterns of species diversity in the herb layer of early post-fire regeneration in mixed Pinus yunnanensis forests

Herb layer plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem functioning of forests. The aims of this study were to determine the pattern of species diversity in early post-fire regeneration of the herb layer in mixed Yunnan pine forests and to identify the effects of topography, fire severity, pre-fire vegetation and herb species life-history feature on post-fire regeneration.     

光叶眼子菜响应夏季高温的模拟研究

为探讨南四湖优势物种光叶眼子菜在夏季浅水区的衰亡原因, 用25℃、30℃、35℃和40℃的恒温水浴模拟夏季高温处理光叶眼子菜(Co. Potamogeton lucens L.)3h。生化结果显示, 在35℃及以上高温下, 光叶眼子菜的蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量显著下降, 丙二醛含量显著上升, 说明35℃以上高温对光叶眼子菜产生了显著伤害。光叶眼子菜的光合系统对高温更为敏感, 在高温胁迫下标准化的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线上J相和K相显著隆起, 但并未发现明显的L-band。进一步解析叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数, 结果显示: 随着处理温度的升高, 反应中心的初始关闭速率(dVG/dt_o, dV/dt_o)变慢, 但到达P相的所需时间(T_fm)变短; 光系统Ⅱ (Photosystem Ⅱ, PSⅡ)的光化学效率(F_v/F_m)减小, 非光化学效率(K_n)、J相相对可变荧光强度(V_j)和热耗散(DI_o/RC、DI_o/CS_o、F_o/F_m)增大; 尽管高温下质体醌周转次数(N)、还原速率(S_m/T_fm)和I相相对可变荧光强度(V_i)变化不显著, 但质体醌库(S_m)明显减小; 单个反应中心光能的吸收(ABS/RC)和捕获效率(TR_o/RC)增加, 电子传递效率(ET_o/RC)却呈下降趋势; 单位激发态面积的光能捕获(TR_o/CS_o)和电子传递效率(ET_o/CS_o)均降低, 反应中心数目(RC/CS_o)显著减少。上述高温胁迫效应导致整个叶片的结构功能指数(SFI_abs)、性能指数(PI_abs)以及光合驱动力(DF)显著降低。高温对光叶眼子菜的伤害主要是导致其光系统II放氧复合体失活、反应中心数目减少和反应中心的光化学效率下降, 进而诱导活性氧的产生, 对细胞造成伤害。因此, 光叶眼子菜属于对高温敏感的水生植物。     

光信号转导因子HY5调控拟南芥分枝的功能研究

光是影响植物分枝的重要外在环境因素,但光信号因子HY5（ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5）是否调控植物分枝目前尚不清楚。创制了HY5转基因超表达植株,并获得商业化T-DNA插入突变体纯合植株。通过比较野生型（WT）、超表达植株（HY5-OE）、突变体（hy5-215）的分枝数目发现,与野生型相比,超表达植株分枝数目显著增加,而突变体分枝数目则显著减少。进一步比较这些遗传材料的拟南芥植株分枝的负调控关键因子BRC1（BRANCHED1）转录本水平差异,发现与野生型相比,超表达植株中BRC1转录本显著下调、突变体中显著上调。研究结果表明,HY5通过抑制拟南芥分枝关键负调控因子BRC1的转录水平,进而促进拟南芥的分枝。研究结果为阐明HY5调控分枝的生物学功能提供了一定的理论依据。     

Phototropins and Their LOV Domains：Versatile Plant Blue-Light Receptors

The phototropins phot1 and phot2 are plant blue-light receptors that mediate phototropism, chloroplast movements, stomatal opening, leaf expansion, the rapid Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings, and possibly solar tracking by leaves in those species in which It occurs. The phototroplns are plasma membrane-associated hydrophilic proteins with two chromophore domains （designated LOV1 and LOV2 for their resemblance to domains In other signaling proteins that detect light, oxygen, or voltage） in their Nterminal half and a classic serine/threonlne kinase domain in their C-terminal half. Both chromophore domains bind flavin mononucleotide （FMN） and both undergo light-activated formation of a covalent bond between a nearby cystelne and the C（4a） carbon of the FMN to form the signaling state. LOV2-cystelnyl adduct formation leads to the release downstream of a tightly bound amphlpathlc α-helix, a step required for activation of the klnase function. This cysteinyl adduct then slowly decays over a matter of seconds or minutes to return the photoreceptor chromophore modules to their ground state. Functional LOV2 is required for light-activated phosphorylation and for various blue-light responses mediated by the phototroplns. The function of LOV1 is still unknown, although It may serve to modulate the signal generated by LOV2. The LOV domain Is an ancient chromophore module found In a wide range of otherwise unrelated proteins In fungi and prokaryotes, the latter Including cyanobacterla, eubacterla, and archaea. Further general reviews on the phototropins are those by Celaya and Liscum （2005） and Christie and Briggs （2005）.     

Changes of Photosystem Ⅱ Electron Transport in the ChlorophyⅡ-deficient Oilseed Rape Mutant Studied by ChlorophyⅡ Fluorescence and Thermoluminescence

The photosystem Ⅱ （PSII） complex of photosynthetic membranes comprises a number of chlorophyll-binding proteins that are important to the electron flow. Here we report that the chlorophyll b-deficient mutant has decreased the amount of light-harvesting complexes with an increased amount of some core polypeptldes of PSII, including CP43 and CP47. By means of chlorophyll fluorescence and thermolumlnescence, we found that the ratio of Fv/Fm, qP and electron transport rate in the chlorophyll b-deficient mutant was higher compared to the wild type. In the chlorophyll lPdeflclent mutant, the decay of the primary electron acceptor quinones （QA-） reoxidation was decreased, measured by the fluorescence. Furthermore, the thermoluminescence studies in the chlorophyll bdeficient mutant showed that the B band （S2/S3QB-） decreased slightly and shifted up towards higher temperatures. In the presence of dlchlorophenyl-dlmethylurea, which is inhibited in the electron flow to the second electron acceptor quinines （QB） at the PSll acceptor side, the maximum of the Q band （S2QA-） was decreased slightly and shifted down to lower temperatures, compared to the wild type. Thus, the electron flow within PSll of the chlorophyⅡ b-deficient mutant was down-regulated and characterized by faster oxidation of the primary electron acceptor quinine QA-via forward electron flow and slower reduction of the oxidation S states.     

不同光质对毛脉酸模中蒽醌类成分的影响

通过红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色滤光膜对毛脉酸模进行遮膜处理。采用高效液相色谱法对毛脉酸模根样品中的蒽醌类成分含量进行测定,研究光质对毛脉酸模根次生代谢产物蒽醌类成分的影响。进行了方差分析。二年生黄膜处理中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组及空白组。一年生空白组及对照组中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组。结果表明黄膜处理显著提高二年生毛脉酸模中中蒽醌类成分含量。     

显脉金花茶的光合生理特性研究

采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统(Li-Cor Inc., USA)对显脉金花茶光合特性进行研究。结果表明：(1)在夏季,显脉金花茶叶片的P_n日变化呈单峰曲线,最高峰出现在中午11：00。其最大净光合速率（P_max）为3.81 μmol·m^-2·s^-1、光饱和点（LSP）为459.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1、光补偿点（LCP）为6.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。显脉金花茶的光饱和点和光补偿点都比较低,表明其是一种阴生植物。（2）在控制光照强度和温度的条件下,CO₂浓度小于800 μmol·mol^-1,P_n几乎呈直线上升,升高CO₂浓度可使显脉金花茶的净高合速率增大,提高了叶片对光能的利用率。其叶片CO₂饱和点(CSP)大约在1 200 μmol·mol^-1左右,CO₂的补偿点（Г^*）为70.1 μmol·mol^-1,最大羧化速率（V_cmax）为17.5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,最大电子传递速率（J_max）为40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

2,4-表油菜素内酯对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片光合特性的影响北大核心CSCD

以黄瓜品种’新春4号’为试验材料,研究了在中度盐胁迫(50 mmol/L NaCl)条件下,外源喷施0.01 mg/L 2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBL)和24μmol/L油菜素内酯抑制剂(BZR)处理对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)及相关荧光参数的影响,探讨EBL缓解黄瓜幼苗中度盐胁迫伤害的光合生理机制。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫导致黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))下降,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))增加,初始荧光(F_(o))、最大荧光(F_(m))下降,OJIP曲线中J点、I点显著增加,降低了黄瓜幼苗叶片光合性能,且对PSⅡ受体侧的伤害大于供体侧,表现为PSⅡ反应中心损伤,光合电子从Q_(A)向Q_(B)的传递效率降低,电子传递受阻。(2)在50 mmol/L NaCl处理下,外源喷施0.01 mg/L EBL可显著提升NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、光合性能(PI_(ABS)),降低C_(i),显著增加单位面积内吸收(ABS/CS_(m))、捕获(TR_(o)/CS_(m))、用于电子传递(ET_(o)/CS_(m))的光能以及有活性反应中心的数目(RC/CS_(m))。(3)与NaCl+EBL处理相比,NaCl+EBL+BZR处理后黄瓜幼苗叶片光合性能进一步降低,证明EBL对黄瓜幼苗盐胁迫引起的PSⅡ伤害有缓解作用。研究发现,外源喷施适量2,4-表油菜素内酯能有效缓解黄瓜幼苗叶片在盐胁迫条件下受到的光合电子传递链中(PSⅡ)受体侧的伤害,增加电子从Q_(A)向Q_(B)传递的效率,从而显著改善盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片的光合性能。     

新型重组糖蛋白表达载体--盘基网柄菌

近年来,盘基网柄菌作为异源重组糖蛋白表达载体的研究受到了学术界的重视,已经有多种具有生物活性的复杂糖蛋白成功地得到了表达。通过对表达产物的研究发现,盘基网柄菌具有各种翻译后加工机制,例如磷酸化、酰基化及形成GPI(糖基磷脂酰基醇)锚点等,具有类似于高等动物的糖基化修饰能力。与哺乳动物细胞表达载体相比较,盘基网柄菌具有培养成本低廉、细胞生长迅速及易于大规模培养的优势。盘基网柄菌有可能发展成为一种有重要应用前景的糖蛋白表达载体系统。