黄芪桂枝五物颗粒中芍药苷的含量测定

目的:建立一个稳定可靠分离度好的方法测定黄芪桂枝五物颗粒中芍药苷的含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:YMC-Pack ODS-A(250×4.6mm,5μ);流动相:以乙腈—0.1%磷酸溶液(14:86)为流动相;检测波长:230nm;流速为1.0ml/min;柱温为30℃。结果:芍药苷的进样量在0.120μg~1.200μg范围内有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为99.22%,RSD为0.89%。建立了高效液相色谱法测定黄芪桂枝五物颗粒的含量的方法,该方法准确、可靠、分离度好。     

Leaf decomposition and nutrient release of dominant species in the forest and lake in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China

AimsLitter decomposition is an important ecological process in nutrient cycling and productivity of ecosystems. Our objective is to quantify the differences of litter decomposition and nutrient release (N and P) under the forest and in an alpine lake among the dominant tree species in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.
Methods Fresh leaf litters of Abies ernestii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Betula albo-sinensis, and Salix cupularis were collected and placed in bags under the forest and in an alpine lake for a year.
Important findings The mass remaining ratio (MR) of the leaf litters was well predicted with Olson’s decay model (r > 0.93, p < 0.01). The time for 99% decomposition was the shortest for S. cupularis (6.80 a), followed by B. albo-sinensis (10.34 a), A. ernestii (18.88 a), and P. tabulaeformis (27.21 a). These values were 1.48-, 1.55-, 1.80-, and 1.65-folds of the corresponding values in the lake, respectively. Both MR and nitrogen remaining ratio (NR) had significantly negative correlations with the leaf initial N concentration, but significantly positive correlations with the initial C:N. The nutrient release was significantly different among the four species and between the two sites (i.e., forest and alpine lake). The N release of S. cupularis was consistent between forest and the lake (i.e. directly released in the beginning of decomposition), while other species had an obvious N enrichment process before it released. The release of P among was similar among the four species and between the two sites, with a release—enrichment—release pattern. Overall, the leaf litter decomposition appeared as an intricate process that was affected by the litter chemistry and and the environment. The fast litter decomposition in the lake may have a profound influence on the water quanlity in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.     

长江上游中华沙鳅食性特征的C、N同位素分析

应用C、N稳定同位素技术并结合肠含物分析对我国长江上游特有鱼类中华沙鳅（Sinibotia superciliaris）不同发育阶段食性进行了探究。结果显示:中华沙鳅13C、15N平均值分别为（22.480.85）、（10.090.69）;不同体长段13C（P0.05,F=2.44）、15N（P0.01,F=6.06）值差异显著,暗示了中华沙鳅在生长发育过程中存在食性转变现象;体长80 mm的个体主要摄食水生昆虫和藻类,属杂食偏肉食性鱼类;体长80 mm的个体,其食物以虾类、淡水壳菜和水生昆虫为主,属肉食性鱼类。中华沙鳅营养级位于2.02-2.47,与长江上游多种底栖型鱼类生态位相似;食物竞争可能是导致其摄食强度弱和资源量下降的原因之一。研究结果可为长江上游中华沙鳅野生资源保护提供理论参考。     

诱导多能干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化诱导物的研究进展

诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)是利用细胞重编程技术人工获得的与胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)功能类似的细胞,能分化成包括三胚层在内的所有细胞类型,并且规避了ESCs的伦理学争议和移植后的免疫排斥问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。对iPSCs体外诱导为生殖细胞所用的诱导物及其诱导效果进行了综述,生殖细胞发育机制的研究有望促进未来生殖和发育技术的进步。     

Oxylipin Pathway in Rice and Arabidopsis

Plants have evolved complex signaling pathways to coordinate responses to developmental and environmental Information. The oxylipin pathway Is one pivotal lipid-based signaling network, composed of several competing branch pathways, that determines the plant＇s ability to adapt to various stimuli. Activation of the oxyllpln pathway Induces the de novo synthesis of biologically active metabolltes called ＂oxyllplns＂. The relative levels of these metabolltes are a distinct indicator of each plant species and determine the ability of plants to adapt to different stimuli. The two major branches of the oxyllpln pathway, allene oxide synthase （AOS） and hydroperoxlde lyase （HPL） are responsible for production of the signaling compounds, jasmonates and aldehydes respectively. Here, we compare and contrast the regulation of AOS and HPL branch pathways In rice and Arabidopsis as model monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous systems. These analyses provide new Insights Into the evolution of JAs and aldehydes signaling pathways, and the complex network of processes responsible for stress adaptations In monocots and dicots.     

蜂胶乙醇提取物(EEP)对豚鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用

目的:探讨蜂胶水提物(WEP)和乙醇提物(EEP)的血管舒张作用。方法:以离体豚鼠胸主动脉环为材料,采用离体实验方法记录血管收缩张力。结果:对于PE(PE,1μM)和KC1(60mM)预收缩的主动脉环,EEP可以剂量依赖地使其舒张。去除内皮后舒张作用减弱,所以这种作用是内皮依赖性的;使用NO合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA,10μM)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂(methylene blue,10μM)或者前列腺素合成酶抑制剂(indomethacin,10μM)预处理,血管舒张作用也减弱。这提示EEP的作用可能与血管内皮释放的一氧化氮和前列腺素有关;K~ 通道通用抑制剂TEA(tetraethylammonium chloride,1 mM)的处理对EEP的舒血管作用没有影响,显示EEP对豚鼠动脉环的舒张作用与K~ 通道无关;另外,EEP能使CaCl_2的量效曲线下移,说明EEP可以抑制细胞外Ca~(2 )的内流,同时EEP还可以抑制细胞内Ca~(2 )的释放。结论:蜂胶乙醇提取物EEP能剂量依赖地引起离体豚鼠动脉环舒张。这种舒张作用与K~ 通道无关,但受内皮NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径和前列腺素调控,最终通过降低细胞内Ca~(2 )的浓度舒张血管。     

油葵苗期抗旱相关性状的QTL定位及候选基因筛选

干旱是限制向日葵生长发育的重要因素之一。为探究向日葵苗期抗旱性分子机制,该研究以向日葵K55与K58杂交构建的150个F₇重组自交系群体为材料,对其在正常浇水和干旱胁迫两种水分处理条件下的叶片相对电导率、叶绿素含量、叶面积、叶片相对含水量、根长进行表型测定,利用前期建立的SNP、SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱,通过复合区间作图法对5个抗旱相关的性状进行QTL定位。结果表明：(1)共定位到向日葵QTL位点11个,其中正常浇水条件下5个,干旱胁迫条件下6个,表型贡献率为0.768%~7.547%,且5号连锁群上定位到的QTL位点最多(3个)。(2)QTL置信区间内共筛选到62个与干旱相关的候选基因,包括位于qLA 8 1上的rna23019、rna23004、rna22661、rna22193、rna23294、rna22783和位于qCC 13 1上的rna40140,这些基因可作为后续基因克隆及功能研究的重点候选基因。该研究结果为向日葵抗旱性研究及其遗传改良奠定了基础。     

基于改进层次分析法、CRITIC法与复合模糊物元VIKOR模型的河流健康评价

河流健康评价对河流水环境状况的诊断及农村地区的供水安全具有重要意义,其研究可为河流功能性治理与修复提供依据。构建河流健康评价体系,采用改进层次分析法、CRITIC法组合赋权,建立模糊物元VIKOR模型,对光洞河河流健康状态进行综合评估。结果表明：物理结构完整性、生物结构完整性、化学结构完整性的权重分别为0.25、0.30、0.45,水质指标是影响河流健康水平的主要因素;光洞河4个采样断面的健康水平具有明显的时空差异,枯水期闵家寨断面河流健康水平为病态,其余断面为亚健康,丰水期闵家寨、白马村断面河流健康水平显著提升,分别为中等、健康,其余断面变化相对较小;障碍度分析表明,枯水期河流污染物主要来源为土壤离子交换,丰水期水体污染物主要来源为农业生产活动,林地、草地对于污染物具有明显的阻碍作用,光洞河生态健康重要驱动力因素为Hg、As和Pd。     

橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究CSCD

探索橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。采用40%乙醇和纤维素酶组合提取,石油醚、乙酸乙酯依次萃取分离,获得橡实粗提物、石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、萃余水相。通过测定酶抑制作用,研究各极性萃取物的体外降糖活性,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和分子对接实验验证各提取物可能的活性成分。结果表明:橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均有明显的抑制作用,其中乙酸乙酯相抑制效果最佳,其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶IC_(50)分别为1.590±0.073 mg/g、3.927±0.019(×10^(-3) mg/g);通过HPLC含量测定发现乙酸乙酯相中6种活性成含量最高,鞣花酸含量为500.75±6.93 mg/g,高于其他组分10~50倍;分子对接结果表明只有鞣花酸与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有良好的结合活性。以上结果表明,鞣花酸可能是橡实乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要活性成分。