寂漠千秋 福祉万代

沙漠是指沙质荒漠，有时也广义地包括沙地。在中国“雄鸡”状版图的颈背处，是我国广袤的西北干旱区。在那里至西向东串珠状地横亘着温带沙漠和草原沙地。沙漠日照强烈，降水稀少，气候干燥!沙漠里泥土稀薄，基质疏松，土壤贫瘠!沙漠里多大风，风运沙移，沙暴肆虐!沙漠历来被人类视为生存的艰难之处，甚至禁区!     

ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对母婴健康结局影响的研究进展

综述了国内外研究中ω-3 PUFAs补充与妊娠期间母婴健康结局的关系以及目前推荐摄入的国家的现状和推荐后所带来的健康效益，为我国妇女在妊娠期间是否需要补充剂ω-3 PUFAs以及其推荐摄入量提供科学依据。     

甘蔗杆状病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立一种能够快速、灵敏、特异的检测甘蔗杆状病毒(sugarcane bacilliform virus, SCBV)的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法,针对SCBV的基因序列,设计了特异性扩增引物,利用构建的标准品建立和优化针对SCBV的荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法进行了特异性、稳定性、灵敏性等的测试,随后用于田间样品的检测。结果表明:将含有SCBV基因组序列的重组质粒进行梯度稀释制成标准品,利用标准品进行荧光定量PCR,获得标准曲线y=-3.482 1x+37.264,相关系数r~2=0.999 9,说明CT值与反应起始模板数量呈线性关系,可进行准确定量;组内和组间变异系数在0.19%～1.68%之间,表明检测方法重复性良好;建立的荧光定量PCR方法最低可检测到10个拷贝重组质粒/μL,是常规PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。使用建立的荧光定量PCR方法和常规PCR方法对采集的90份甘蔗叶片样品进行检测,常规PCR检出53份阳性样品,荧光定量PCR检出56份阳性样品,表明所建立的荧光定量PCR方法较常规PCR敏感性高,且准确性高。本研究建立的SCBV荧光定量PCR检测方法重复性好,灵敏度高,为构建甘蔗健康种苗体系提供了一种高效检测方法。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

土壤中铁的根际效应及其吸收机理

本文介绍了近10年来土壤中铁的根际效应及其吸收机理,以及近几年来该领域的热点——植物铁载体方面的研究进展,并简要评述了今后的研究方向。     

云南省丽蝇族二新种 (双翅目:丽蝇科)

本文报道的丽蝇族两新种,分别隶属于蜗蝇属(Melinda Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)和拟粉蝇属(Polleniopsis Townsend,1917),模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。 一、小黑蜗蝇Melinda nigrella 新种(图1—3)     

海南岛尖峰岭热带林土壤渗透水的初步研究

 本文应用开口托盘式集水器收集不同土层的渗透水,研究尖峰岭热带山地雨林,半落叶季雨林及其游耕地的土壤渗透水状况,分析了不同植被—土壤类型与利用状况的渗透特点、降水与渗透水的关系、渗透水量与水质的动态变化,初步揭示了尖峰岭热带林对水分的输导—涵贮性能,及热带林生态系统中物质迁移的特点,并据此分析了游耕农业的生态恶果。