Cloning and identification of two novel splice variants of human PD-L2

T cell activation is dependent upon signals deliveredthrough the antigen-specific T cell receptors and costimula-tory molecules [1,2]. The B7 family of costimulatory mol-ecules provides signals that are critical for both stimula-ting and inhibiting T cell…     

Regulation of alternative splicing of Bcl-x by IL-6, GM-CSF and TPA

The splicing of many alternative exons in the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is regulated by extracellular factors but the underlying molecular bases remain unclear. Here we report the differential regulation of Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing by extracellular factors and their distinct requirements for pre-mRNA elements. In K562 leukemia cells, treatment with interleukin-6 (IL-6) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reduced the proportion of the Bcl-xL variant mRNA while treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) had no effect. In U251 glioma cells, however, TPA efficiently increased the Bcl-xL level. These regulations were also seen for a transfected splicing reporter mini-gene. Further analyses of deletion mutants indicate that nucleotides 1-176 of the downstream intron are required for the IL-6 effect, whereas additional nucleotides 177-284 are essential for the GM-CSF effect. As for the TPA effect, only nucleotides 1-76 are required in the downstream intron. Thus, IL-6, GM-CSF and TPA differentially regulate Bcl-x splicing and require specific intronic pre-mRNA sequences for their respective effects.     

褪黑素抑制小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟

目的:探讨褪黑素(MT)对小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟的影响.方法:通过卵母细胞自发、次黄嘌呤(HX)阻滞和激素诱导成熟三种体外培养模型研究了褪黑素(MT)对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟的影响.结果:①0.1 g/L、0.02g/L、0.004 g/L及0.0008 g/L浓度的MT均能显著抑制小鼠卵丘卵母细胞复合体(CEOs)自发成熟过程中第一极体(PB1)的释放(P＜0.01);②动力曲线分析表明,MT对自发成熟的CEOs的GVBD和PB1有显著的推后作用,与对照组相比,处理组的GVBD和PB1分别被推后8～10 h和3～4 h;③0.1 g/L和0.02 g/L两有效浓度的MT还能显著抑制促性腺激素(FSH)诱导的HX阻滞的CEOsGVBD的发生(P＜0.05),对PB1的排出虽有一定的抑制作用,但没有统计学意义;④MT和次黄嘌呤(HX)对CEOs的自发成熟有协同抑制作用(P＜0.01),但在裸卵(DO)自发成熟的阻滞中没有协同效应.结论:MT是调节哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟的重要激素之一,其作用机制可能是通过卵丘细胞实现的.     

小鼠2-细胞胚胎单个卵裂球体外培养及其发育形成囊胚的玻璃化冷冻保存技术的研究

单个卵裂球分离和培养是生产同卵双胎或一卵多胎动物的一种有效方法。在羊和牛已经获得了来源于2-细胞和4-细胞期胚胎的单个卵裂球的活体后代;在兔也获得来源于4-细胞胚胎的单个卵裂球后代;在猪已获得8-细胞单个卵裂球的后代。但多数的研究者发现,小鼠单个卵裂球培养后的体外发育率、移植妊娠率和产仔率都很低。上述均为新鲜胚移植结果,至于分离后卵裂球发育成的囊胚再进行玻璃化冷冻保存尚未见报道。本实     

体外缺血/再灌注神经元DNA损伤的初步研究

目的和方法：应用胎鼠皮层细胞原代培养,建立神经元的体外“缺血／再灌注”模型,观察神经元缺血／再灌注后DNA链的损伤。应用PANT和TUNEL染色分别检测缺血／再灌注后DNA单链和双链损伤。结果：神经元缺糖缺氧２h引起极少量细胞死亡,4h引起少于30％的细胞死亡,而6－8h的缺糖缺氧引起的细胞死亡数量达到80％以上,6h缺糖缺氧再灌注10－18h,细胞死亡达高峰,而在8h缺糖缺氧再灌注2h细胞死亡已经达高峰。在缺糖缺氧2,4,6,8h灌注5min,PANT阳性细胞分别达30％,50％,80％,90％。而在同样的情况下,TUNEL染色阳性细胞数没有明显增加。结论：体外神经元缺糖缺氧再灌注早期即出现DNA链的损伤,且以单链损伤为主。     

生物体衰老与复制衰老--体内与体外研究

体外连续培养的细胞在有人数的细胞分裂后,更新换代合成ＤＮＡ及分裂的能力,最后导致增殖能力的丧失,但基本代谢过程仍能维持,这种现象称为复制衰老。本文讨论了复制衰老现象存在的普遍性,描述了衰老细胞伯特征,对复制衰老和生物体衰老之间的联系进行了重点分析。现有的研究虽然还不完全,但都提示复制衰老是生物体衰老在细胞水平上的反映,并充分肯定了复制衰老是一个较好的研究机体衰老的模型。     

小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟不同阶段对钙的依赖性

To determine the role of calcium and calmodulin in mouse oocyte maturation, we examined the distribution of intracellular calcium during mouse oocyte maturation by using Mira Cal Imaging System. The calcium was present homogeneously in oocytes with intact germinal vesicle (GV) and accumulated around the nuclear region after GV breakdown(GVBD). The high level of calcium disappeared 6 hours later after GVBD. In the presence of 50 mumol/L BAPTA/AM, we failed to observe this phenomena. All eggs treated with 20 mumol/L W7, an antagonist of calmodulin, 50 mumol/L BAPTA/AM, a calcium chelator, could not develop to metaphase II (MII), although GVBD was not affected. We also detected the activity of a cytoplasmic maturation-promoting factor (MPF). W7 and BAPTA/AM had no effects on the rise of MPF activity in the course of maturation. We suggest that compartment distribution of calcium around nuclear region plays an important role in mouse oocyte maturation.     

牛视网膜微血管内皮细胞的培养和鉴定

牛视网膜微血管内皮细胞的培养和鉴定ＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＯＶＩＮＥＲＥＴＩＮＡＬＣＡＰＩＬＬＡＲＹＥＮＤＯＴＨＥＬＩＡＬＣＥＬＬ关键词内皮细胞微血管视网膜体外培养牛ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＥｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｓ,...     

小鼠胚胎体外培养条件的研究

为了探讨小鼠胚胎在体外发育过程中的最佳方案,我们将从超排昆明小鼠取出的５４３枚受精卵经过不同的培养液（Ｍ１６、Ｍ１６＋ＯＥＣ、Ｇｌｕ－ＦｒｅｅＭ１６和Ｇｌｕ－ＦｒｅｅＭ１６＋ＯＥＣ）及不同的培养微环境处理后,观察胚胎体外发育的过程。结果表明,葡萄糖在胚胎发育早期（２细胞期）有比较明显的发育阻断作用,同种输卵管上皮（ＯＥＣ）共同培养能够有效地抑制这种阻断作用;葡萄糖对胚胎８－１６细胞期及以后阶段的发育具有十分重要的作用,而此时ＯＥＣ的作用则不明显;除了葡萄糖外,在早期可能还有其它一些象磷酸盐、重金属离子的物质也能起胚胎发育阻断作用。同时还发现培养微环境的稳定也是胚胎发育的重要保证条件,石蜡油的封盖能够保持某种特定微环境而支持胚胎的体外发育。     

香蕉（Musa spp.）的体外植株再生及外源基因转移

本文综述了香蕉(Musa spp.)体外植株再生的各种方式,着重讨论了近几年发展起来的用于食用(果用及煮食)香蕉的几种适用于基因转化的高效植株再生系统。