用形态与分子标记研究石刁柏种质资源遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记结合形态学指标对43份石刁柏种质资源的遗传多样性进行评价。田间试验相关分析表明,茎粗、林高、茎数与产量呈极显著正相关,三者是影响石刁柏产量的主要因素。茎粗、株高、产量与一级笋率呈显著正相关。花梗全紫的石刁柏一级笋率相对较高。根据形态学指标将材料分为7大类。在分子标记中,从60个随机引物中筛选出12个能产生清晰、稳定可重复DNA片段的引物,对供试材料进行RAPD扩增。在供试材料中共获得183条扩增产物,产生的DNA片段大小主要分布在200～1600bp之间,其中170条具有遗传多态性,约占总数的92．92％。各基因型间的Nei氏相似性系数分布在0．407～0．931之间,平均相似性为0．765,可见石刁柏各基因型之间的遗传多态性较为丰富。经UPGMA方法建立的树状图,可将参试品种划分为8大类群。形态学指标与遗传多样性指标的相关分析结果显示：分枝节间距、花梗颜色、每簇拟叶数、最长分枝长度、茎粗5个形态学指标与遗传多样性指标之间存在一定的相关性。     

Nectar and Pollen Sources for Honeybee （Apis cerana cerana Fabr.） in Qinglan Mangrove Area, Hainan Island, China

In the present study, nectar and pollen sources for honeybee （Apls cerana cerana Fabr.） were studied in Qlnglan mangrove area, Hainan Island, China, based on microscopic analysis of honey and pollen load （corblcular and gut contents） from honeybees collected In October and November 2004. Qualitative and quantitative melittopalynologlcal analysis of the natural honey sample showed that the honey is of unlfloral type with Mimosa pudlca L. （Mlmosaceae） as the predominant （89.14%） source of nectar and pollen for A. cerana cerana In October. Members of Araceae are an Important minor （3%-15%） pollen type, whereas those of Arecaceae are a minor （〈3%） pollen type. Pollen grains of Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Rhlzophora spp., Excoecarla agallocha L., Lumnitzera spp., Brugulera spp., Kandella candel Druce, and Ceriops tagal （Perr.） C. B. Rob. are among the notable mangrove texa growing In Qinglan mangrove area recorded as minor taxa In the honey. The absolute pollen count （I.e. the number of pollen grains/10 g honey sample） suggests that the honey belongs to Group V （〉1 000 000）. Pollen analysis from the corblcular and gut contents of A. cerana cerana revealed the highest representation （95.60%） of members of Sonneratia spp. （Sonneratlaceae）, followed by Bruguiera spp. （Rhizophoraceae）, Euphorblaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Anacardlaceae, and Rublaceae. Of these plants, those belonging to Sonneratla plants are the most Important nectar and pollen sources for A. cerana cerana and are frequently foraged and pollinated by these bees in November.     

脱落酸处理对铁皮石斛类原球茎体耐脱水性的影响

脱落酸（abscisic,ABA）预处理可以显著提高铁皮石斛（Dendrobiumc andidum）类原球茎体（protocrom-like bodies,PLBs）的耐脱水性,其中以5μmol／L的ABA预处理24h效果最好．经2h快速脱水后,类原球茎体存活率约为对照的10倍,达到50％左右。预处理期间细胞相容性物质含量的研究表明,ABA预处理过程中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白质及脯氨酸含量均无明显变化,而可溶性多糖含量明显增加,作者认为可溶性多糖的积累是类原球茎体耐脱水性提高的原因之一。     

油菜单显性核雄性不育基因的分子标记

以陕西省杂交油菜研究中心选育的单显性核不育油菜分离群体为材料,利用集群分离法（BSA）对该油菜单显性核不育基因进行了RAPD分析。在随机选取的300个10碱基随机引物中,引物S243（5′CTATGCCGAC3′）在可育集团与不育集团间扩增出特异而可重复的1．5kb的多态性片段OPU-031500,而在细胞质雄性不育和其它核不育类型油菜中均未扩增出上述特异性片段,从而确证此RAPD标记OPU-031500。片段是与甘蓝型油菜单显性核不育基因连锁的。将该多态性片段克隆并测序,发现其序列与拟南芥的一段DNA序列高度同源。根据同源序列及测序结果设计两对特异引物（P1／P2和P3／P4）,引物P3／P4在可育系中可扩增到约1．5kb的单一特异片断,而在不育系中无带,从而将RAPD标记转化为稳定可靠的SCAR标记。     

Screening for High-Temperature Tolerant Cotton Cultivars by Testing In Vitro Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth and Boll Retention

With radical global climate change and global warming, high temperature stress has become one of major factors exerting a major influence on crop production. In the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-growing areas of China, especially in the Yangtze River valley, unexpected periodic episodes of extreme heat stress usually occur in July and August, the peak time of cotton flowering and boll loading, resulting in lower boll set and lint yield. Breeding programs for screening high temperature-tolerant cotton germplasm and cultivars are urgent in order to stabilize yield in the current and future warmer weather conditions. In the present study, 14 cotton cultivars were quantified for in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth in response to temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 ℃ at 5 ℃ intervals. Different cotton genotypes varied in their in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube length responses to the different temperatures. Maximum pollen germination and pollen tube length ranged from 25.2% to 56.2% and from 414 to 682 μm, respectively.The average cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) also varied among the 14 cultivars and were 11.8,27.3, and 42.7 ℃ for pollen germination and 11.8, 27.8, and 44.1 ℃ for maximum pollen tube length. Variations in boll retention and boll numbers per plant in field experiments were found for the 14 cotton cultivars and the boll retention and boll retained per plant on 20 August varied considerably in different years according to weather conditions. Boll retention on 20 August was highly correlated with maximum pollen germination (R2=0.84) and pollen tube length (R2=0.64). A screening method based on principle component analysis of the combination of pollen characteristics in an in vitro experiment and boll retention testing in the field environment was used in the present study and, as a result, the 14 cotton cultivars could be classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible to high temperature.     

美丽的误会 谁抢了玫瑰的名字？

对于玫瑰,人们有很多误解。“玫瑰”的本意是什么?玫瑰是“洋花”吗?当玫瑰遇到月季又如何?从玫瑰的历史讲起,还原一个你不知道的玫瑰。     

渗透胁迫下白花柽柳消减文库的构建及分析

用PEG6000对白花柽柳进行渗透胁迫,以其叶部cDNA为试验方（tester）,正常生长的白花柽柳叶部cDNA为驱动方（driver）,利用抑制性消减杂交技术（SSH）构建了渗透胁迫下白花柽柳的消减文库。提取重组质粒经PCR检测,插入片段大部分集中在250～650 bp之间。通过对文库阳性克隆的随机测序,获得了如脯氨酸转移蛋白、钙依赖蛋白激酶、亮氨酸拉链蛋白、类转录起始因子蛋白等23个与渗透胁迫有关的EST,它们涉及了植物的渗透调节、信号传递、基因调控、活性氧清除、新陈代谢等生理生化过程。     

中国独行菜属种皮微形态特征的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对独行菜属9种植物种子的种皮微形态进行了研究,结果表明独行菜属种皮微形态可划分为4种类型;结果支持将独行菜属划分为3个组的观点;北美独行菜在种皮纹饰上与其它类群差别较大,并结合子叶缘倚胚根的特征将其另立一新组——子叶缘倚组Sect. Accumbentum F. Z. Li, J. Q. Zheng ＆ Z. Y. Sun , sect. nov.     

中国蓼属春蓼组植物果实形态及果皮微形态的研究

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产蓼属春蓼组（Polygonum sect. Persicaria）19种3变种植物的果实形态和果皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。结果表明,蓼属春蓼组植物的果实形态为卵形或椭圆状卵形,具三棱、双凹或双凸,顶端渐狭,有喙或无喙;果皮微形态可分为7种类型： 洼点、浅洼点,脑纹状纹饰,拟脑纹状纹饰,网状纹饰,不规则褶皱,不规则小疣状颗粒以及密浅网状纹饰。观察结果支持将绵毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth.）合并到酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L.）,做为酸模叶蓼的异名处理;支持将长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br.）作为丛枝蓼（P. posumbu Buch. Ham. ex D.Don）的变种处理的意见;认为密毛酸模叶蓼（P. lapathifolium L. var. lanatum (Roxb.) Stew.）应恢复种级,圆基长鬃蓼（P. longisetum De Br. var. rotunatum A.J.Li）应升为种级;支持平武蓼（Polygonum pingwuense F. Z. Li et Y. T. Hou et S. J. Fan, sp. nov.）新种的成立。