寄主诱导的基因沉默在增强植物真菌病害抗性方面的研究进展

寄主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)技术以RNAi技术为基础,可从反向遗传学角度研究基因功能,同时可创制具有持久抗性且稳定遗传的抗病品种,为增强植物抗病性提供了新的视角.本文阐明了HIGS技术的原理,总结了近年来该技术在增强植物真菌病害抗性方面最新的研究进展,分析了HI...     

缺氧诱导因子在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎中的作用机制研究

该文探讨了缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)中的作用机制.收集8例NEC患儿小肠组织作为疾病组和6例胃肠道畸形患儿小肠组织作为对照组.将40只7日龄的C57BL...     

高温胁迫下葡萄叶片蛋白激酶的诱导形成与活性变化

以"京秀"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Jingxiu)幼苗为试材,研究了高温胁迫激活的蛋白激酶的类型和活性.结果表明,高温胁迫10～60min明显地激活了一个分子量约为52 kD的蛋白激酶,该蛋白激酶能将凝胶中所嵌入的髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)磷酸化,在放射自显影中表现出很高的放射活性,而对凝胶中的组蛋白-Ⅲ(histone-Ⅲ)则没有这样的作用.在溶液反应体系中该蛋白激酶对MBP也表现出很高的磷酸化活性,而对histone-Ⅲ却无作用.Ca2 对其活性变化无显著影响.酪氨酸特异性蛋白磷酸酶(YOP)对该激酶的活性有显著的钝化作用.结果表明该52 kD蛋白激酶是MAPK家族中的一种.     

An engineered PrPsc-like molecule from the chimera of mammalian prion protein and yeast Ure2p prion-inducing domain

Production of the pathogenic prion isoform PrP^sc-like molecules is thought to be useful forunderstanding the mysterious mechanism of conformational conversion process of prion diseases andproving the “protein-only“ hypothesis. In this report, an engineered PrP^sc-like conformation was producedfrom a chimera of mammalian bovine prion protein (bPrP) and yeast Ure2p prion-inducing domain (UPrD).Compared with the normal form of bPrP, the engineered recombinant protein, termed bPrP-UPrD,spontaneously aggregated into ordered fibrils under physiological condition, displaying amyloid-likecharacteristics, such as fibrillar morphology, birefringence upon binding to Congo red and increasedfluorescence intensity with Thioflavine T. Limited resistance to protease K digestion and CD spectroscopyexperiments suggested that the structure of bPrP-UPrD had been changed, and adopted a new, high contentB-sheet conformation during the fibrils formation. Moreover, bPrP-UPrD amyloid fibrils could recruit moresoluble forms into the aggregates. Therefore, the engineered molecules could mimic significant behaviors of PrP^se and will be helpful for further understanding the mechanism of conformational conversion process.     

低氧对胚胎干细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察间歇性低氧和持续性低氧对体外培养的胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)增殖的影响.方法:利用细胞记数法和BrdU (5-溴脱氧尿苷)掺入的流式细胞分析检测细胞增殖,并用RT -PCR的方法检测低氧诱导因子(HIF-1a)的表达变化.结果:①将ES细胞分别放在低氧(3%～10% O2)和常氧(20% O2)的环境中培养24 h后,在低氧环境中培养的ES细胞数较常氧组明显减少;②将ES细胞分别给予间歇性低氧刺激(3%～10% O2),每天10 min,连续4 d后,发现3%低氧组较常氧对照组的细胞增殖明显升高.③用RT-PCR方法观察HIF-1a的表达与细胞增殖的关系,发现在常氧环境中培养的ES即有HIF-1a的表达,ES细胞在持续低氧24 h或间歇性低氧(3%～10% O2)刺激4 d后对HIF-1a的表达均无明显影响.结论:间歇性低氧(3% O2)可明显促进体外培养的ES细胞增殖,而持续性低氧抑制ES细胞增殖,间歇性低氧(3% O2)刺激促进ES细胞增殖的机制尚有待于进一步的研究.     

Ohmefentanyl stereoisomers induce changes of CREB phosphorylation in hippocampus of mice in conditioned place preference paradigm

The present study was designed to determine the changes of phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)in hippocampus induced by ohmefentanyl stereoisomers(F9202 and F9204) in conditioned place preference(CPP)paradigm.The results showed that mice receiving F9202 and F9204 displayed obvious CPP.They could all significantly stimulate CREB phosphorylation and maintained for a long time without affecting total CREB protein levels.The effect of F9204 was similar to morphine which effect was more potent and longer than F9202.We also examined the effects of ketamine,a noncompetitive N-mthyl-D-asartate receptor(NR)antagonist,on morphine-,F9202-and F9204-induced CPP and phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampus.Ketamine could suppress not only the place preference but also the phosphorylation of CREB produced by morphine,F9202 and F9204.These findings suggest that alterations in the phosphorylation of CREB be relevant to opiates signaling and the development of opiates dependence.NR antagonists may interfere with opiates dependence and may have potential therapeutic implications.     

前体、诱导子及抑制剂对紫杉烷生物合成的促进作用研究

研究了前体、诱导子和抑制剂对中国红豆杉细胞培养生产紫杉烷的促进作用。结果表明,向培养基中加入30mg/L 3-甲基－2－丁烯－1－醇,2mmol/L苯甲酸钠,10mg/L矮壮素,100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯,0.1mmol/L丝氨酸,可以使紫杉醇含量增加1141.1%;加入0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠,80μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯,0.1mmol/L丝氨酸可以使2α,5α,10β,14β－四乙酰氧基－紫杉－4（20）,11－二烯含量增加134.6%;25mg/L矮壮素,100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯,0.5mmol/L丝氨酸可以使1β－羟基巴卡亭I含量增加95.2%;5mg/L3－甲基－2－丁烯－1－醇,10mg/L矮壮纱,40μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯,可以使14β-(2-甲基丁酰氧基）－2α,5α,10β－三乙酰氧基－紫杉－4（20）,11－二烯的含量增加76.4%。     

植物叶发育调控机理研究的进展

在植物的营养生长阶段,叶原基从植物地上部分顶端分生组织的周边区形成,在一系列细胞分裂和分化程序的指导下,最终发育成叶。近年来,通过遗传学和分子生物学研究已经鉴定和克隆了一批参与叶发育调控的关键基因,植物激素在叶原基的诱导和叶形态建成中也起十分重要的作用。目前这个领域的主要研究工作是鉴定调控叶发育的新基因并且解释叶调控基因之间的相互作用,同时了解基因调控和植物激素作用之间的关系。     

脂多糖通过诱导白细胞介素-1的生成引起迷走传入神经活动

为探讨脂多糖（liopoplysaccharide,LPS）引起迷走传入神经活动是否可能通过白细胞介素-1（interleukin-1,IL-1）的作用,将Wistar大鼠随机分为LPS实验组和生理盐水对照组,用免疫组织化学方法检测迷走神经结状神经节c-Fos及CD14的表达以及腹腔迷走神经周围Mac-1阳性巨噬细胞（macrophage,Mφ）。用L929细胞增殖法检测LPS刺激Mφ上清IL-1的生物活性。用原位杂交的方法检测迷走神经结状神经节I型白细胞介素-1受体（IL-1R I）mRNA的表达。结果显示,LPS组迷走神经结状神经节神经元c-Fos蛋白表达为阳性,而对照组迷走神经结状神经节神经元c-Fos蛋白表达为阴性。LPS注射后1h,见腹腔迷走神经周围Mφ数量明显增多。Mφ在LPS刺激后45min、1h和2h时,IL-1生成明显增高,LPS组迷走神经结状神经节IL-1R I mRNA表达为阳性。以上结果提示,LPS引起迷走传入神经活动可能通过IL-1的作用。     

Nuclear apoptosis induced by isolated mitochondria

We isolated and purified mitochondria from mouse livers and spinach leaves.When added into egg extracts of Xenopus laevis,they caused nuclei of mouse liver to undergo apoptotic changes.Chromatin condensation,margination and DNA ladder were observed.After incubating isolated mitochondria in some hypotonic solutions,and centrifuging these mixtures at mgh speed,we got mitochondrial supernatants.It was found that in the absence of cytosolic factor,the supernatant alone was able to induce apoptotic changes in nuclei.The effective components were partly of protein.DNA fragmentation was partly inhibited by caspase inhibitors AC-DEVD-CHO and AC-YVAD-CHO.Meanwhile,caspase inhibitors fully blocked chromatin condensation.Primary characterization of the nuclear endonuclease(s) induced by mitochondrial supernatants was also conducted.It was found that this endonuclease is different from endonuclease G,cytochrome c-induced nuclease,or Ca^2 -activated endonuclease.