Mating behavior of an aphidophagous ladybird beetle,Propylea dissecta （Mulsant）

Abstract The mating behavior of Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) was investigated in detail. Protandry was evident, as males mature earlier than females. Predicted age of sexual maturation of male and female ladybirds was 7.12 and 9.33 days, respectively. Males performed courtship in six steps, viz. approach, watch, examine, embrace, mount and attempt. Embrace is possibly an appeasement act, while examine serves to recognize mate. Chemical signals initiate male attraction toward females. Visual and tactile cues appear to secondarily help in mate recognition. Mating lasted longest (275.40±12.23 min) when it occurred between unmated individuals. It was much shorter (176.60±5.60 min) when prior mated individuals copulated. There was a significant decrease in mating durations when adults were subjected to five successive matings. Fecundity and percent egg viability increased significantly with increase in the number of matings.     

麦田天敌消长演替规律及超长期预测的研究

通过聚类分析,在明确麦田天敌消长演变规律的基础上,采用时间序列分析法,建立麦田总体天敌和优势天敌七星瓢虫的超长期预测模型,经过2001年和2002年实际应用,季节水平模型、ARIMA模型的预测效果较好,并用这两种模型对未来三年麦田天敌的消长进行了超长期预测。     

马铃薯瓢虫和茄二十八星瓢虫体表细微结构的比较研究

本研究利用扫描电镜对马铃薯瓢虫Henosepilachnavigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky)和茄二十八星瓢虫H .vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius)体表的细微结构进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,马铃薯瓢虫和茄二十八星瓢虫在细微结构上存在明显差异。第一 ,2种瓢虫鞘翅表面凹陷内 ,毛的着生位置不同 ,马铃薯瓢虫的毛着生于凹陷中心 ,茄二十八星瓢虫的毛着生于凹陷边缘 ;第二 ,鞘翅表面凹陷的深浅不同 ,马铃薯瓢虫的凹陷较深于茄二十八星瓢虫。这为 2种瓢虫的形态学研究提供了细微结构方面的依据     

湿度对小黑瓢虫生长发育及存活的影响

本研究了不同湿度条件下小黑瓢虫各虫态的发育历期及存活率,结果表明：（1）小黑瓢虫各虫态及世代历期均表现出低湿长于高湿,世代历期在85％RH下最短,但与75％RH相差不大;（2）卵期的存活率除在95％RH下较低（0．850）外,其余各湿度下均高于0．950,各虫态历期中,低湿与高湿均不利于其存活,在一定的范围内,随着相对湿度的升高,存活率逐渐增大,在85％RH下存活率了大值,而后呈下降趋势;（3）组建了小黑瓢虫各虫态发育历期与湿度及存活率与湿度的二次三项回归方程,经卡方检验,均达显水平,说明各方程式成立。     

Life history and life table analysis of the whitefly predator Delphastus catalinae （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） on collards

Abstract The ladybeetle, Delphastus catalinae (Horn), is one of the most commonly used predacious natural enemies being commercially reared for controlling whiteflies, including Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (= B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring), on various ornamental and vegetable crops under greenhouse conditions. The development, survivorship, and fecundity of D. catalinae feeding on B. tabaci biotype B on collard plants were determined in the laboratory, and the age-specific life table parameters were analyzed based on the life history data. Developmental time was 4.0, 1.9, 1.1, 1.4, 5.2, and 5.3 days for eggs, first, second, third, fourth instars, and pupae, respectively, with an average of 18.9 days from oviposition to adult emergence for both sexes, 19.0 days for females, and 18.8 days for males. Adult longevities averaged 146.6 days for both sexes, 122.6 days for females, and 170.5 days for males. After an average 4.9 days preoviposition period, females laid a mean of 5.6 eggs per day over a 97.0-day period. Net reproductive rate ( R ₀) and gross reproductive rate (ΣM m_x ) were estimated by life table analysis at 276.8 and 325.1, respectively. Generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were 35.6 and 4.8 days respectively, and the intrinsic rate of natural population increase ( r_m ) was estimated at 0.158, or l = 1.171 for the finite rate of increase. The r_m value of D. catalinae is similar to or higher than those of the whitefly feeding on most vegetable and ornamental crops, indicating that the ladybeetle is capable of regulating populations of B. tabaci biotype B and other whiteflies under greenhouse conditions.     

Development and immature survival of two aphidophagous ladybirds, Coelophora biplagiata and Micraspis discolor

The developmental parameters, namely developmental periods, larval survival, adult emergence, growth index, developmental rate and sex ratio in terms of female proportion in a population of two aphidophagous ladybirds, namely, Coelophora biplagiata （Swartz） and Micraspis discolor （Fabricius） were investigated, using three aphid species as prey. The immature stages of C. biplagiata were significantly affected by prey quality and developed fastest when fed on Aphis craccivora followed by Aphis gossypii and Rhopalosiphum maidis. The order of prey suitability in terms of developmental rate of immature stages of M. discolor was just reversed. The adult females were heavier than males, while pre-pupae were heavier than pupae in both ladybirds. The sex ratio of adult emergence, though female-biased in both ladybird species, was not significantly affected by prey quality.     

日本伪瓢虫--福建新记录种

笔近期应邀到厦门郊区某企业化验室调查室内发生的害虫。据该化验室人员介绍,有一种害虫不断从隔墙缝中爬出,墙台、地板每天都可采到。笔现场观察,该隔墙位于化验室中央,为半墙结构,墙心为木龙骨钉成的框架,墙体外部两面用塑钢封闭,缝隙处用玻璃胶堵封,但尚可见部分小缝隙,虫子就是从此处爬出的。     

中国瓢虫体型的地理分异及其与环境因子的关系

生物体的外在形态(个体大小及异速生长)不仅是分类学的重要依据, 也是影响生物与环境相互作用的重要功能性状。昆虫体型的地理分异及其机制是昆虫生物地理学的重要基础。本文基于中国省级行政区的瓢虫体型、分布和环境因子数据, 运用相关和回归分析, 探索了中国瓢虫体型(体长、体宽与长宽比)的纬度地带性及其与环境因子的关系。为了确定营养级对瓢虫体型特征的影响, 我们对全部瓢虫、植食性瓢虫和捕食性瓢虫分别进行分析。研究结果表明: (1)瓢虫的体型大小具有显著的纬度地带性, 即纬度越高, 瓢虫的体长或体宽越大, 符合贝格曼法则。与温度相关的环境因子是导致瓢虫体型大小地理分异的主要环境因素, 因为瓢虫以成虫越冬, 体型越大则能量储存越多, 冬眠期间的耐饥力越强; (2)由于食性和食物空间分布的差异, 在各个纬度上, 植食性瓢虫体型总是大于捕食性瓢虫; 捕食性瓢虫的长宽比与纬度呈显著正相关, 即纬度越高, 瓢虫体型越狭长; 而植食性瓢虫的长宽比与纬度没有显著的相关性; 捕食性瓢虫的长宽比与年降水量呈显著负相关, 因为年降水量降低导致植被的斑块化增加, 引起捕食对象分布更为分散, 从而要求瓢虫具有更强的飞行能力, 即更大的长宽比。综上所述, 在省级尺度上, 温度和降水分别主要影响瓢虫的大小和长宽比, 其效应随营养级(食性)的变化而变化。     

异色瓢虫卵黄蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

【目的】为了能准确地追踪异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)卵黄原蛋白（vitellogenin, Vg）的合成、转运途径和吸收方式,以及卵黄蛋白（vitellin, Vn）在卵母细胞内的积累及分布情况,本研究对异色瓢虫的Vn进行了单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody, McAb）的制备。【方法】以异色瓢虫Vn免疫BLAB/C小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术,经过3次亚克隆筛选,制备能稳定分泌抗Vn的单克隆抗体。【结果】实验获得4株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,即5E2, 5E11, 1E9和5H8。其中1E9, 5E11和5E2亚型均为IgG1,5H8亚型为IgM。Western blot免疫印迹分析显示,4株单克隆抗体可以特异性地识别Vn,而与雄虫血淋巴无反应。其中,5E2和1E9可以与异色瓢虫抗原的4个亚基发生较强的免疫反应,结合腹水制备前上清效价检测结果最终选取5E2制备单克隆抗体。5E2单克隆抗体的效价为1∶81 000,SDS-PAGE分析显示5E2重链和轻链的分子量分别为50和27 kD。【结论】本实验成功制备出一株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,为建立酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法测定其动态变化奠定了基础。     

异色瓢虫显现变种对寄主的寻找行为研究

本文利用生物测试法,观测了异色瓢虫显现变种对不同寄主上的不同蚜虫的定向和选择行为.结果表明帖梗海棠、毛白杨、柳树在正常的生长状况下,不会产生引诱异色瓢虫的植物挥发性物质,在这些植物受到蚜虫危害以后,会释放出引诱异色瓢虫的植物挥发性物质,而紫藤在正常的生长状况下和蚜虫危害后,都会产生排斥异色瓢虫的化学物质.