植物ω-7脂肪酸的系统代谢工程

ω-7脂肪酸（C16：1△9,C18：1△11,C20：1△13）,特别是棕榈油酸（C16：1△9）具有重要的工业、营养和医药价值。这些珍稀脂肪酸大多在一些野生植物的种子中合成,不能商业化生产。对普通油料作物的油脂代谢途径进行遗传修饰,使其种子大量合成并积累ω-7脂肪酸,已成为生物技术和可再生资源研究的一个热点领域。基因操作的主要靶标包括：不同来源的△9脱氢酶的应用、提高底物（C16：0）的浓度、共表达质体型和内质网型？9脱氢酶以及代谢物流的优化等。该文在解析ω-7脂肪酸生物合成途径及其调控网络的基础上,重点论述了ω-7脂肪酸代谢工程的技术策略、研究进展和存在的问题,并进一步讨论了油脂物组学和转基因组学等组学技术在鉴定参与ω-7脂肪酸生物合成途径及其调控的特异基因和优化油脂代谢工程设计上的应用前景。     

人干扰素INF-ω在植物乳杆菌中的表达与鉴定

目的以植物乳杆菌为载体,将干扰素IFN-ω基因导入植物乳杆菌内,作为先期探索和尝试,构建重组阴道微生态菌株。方法采用抗菌肽诱导双组分调节表达系统,以细菌素SakacinA为诱导物、sapK和sapR为双组分调节基因的穿梭质粒pSIP300,将干扰素ω基因置于pstP300上,构成重组质粒psIP300-ω,在大肠埃希菌DI-ISet中进行扩增,分别电转化3株植物乳杆菌。Lacbacillus plantarum1．3,Lacbacillus plantarum 1．11,Lacbacillus plantarum 14917。结果与结论经SDS-PAGE与ELISA检测证实,成功构建了能够表达IFN-ω重组植物乳杆菌Lacbacillus plantarum 1．11／pSIIB00-ω。     

Whole picture of human stratum corneum ceramides,including the chain-length diversity of long-chain bases

Ceramides are essential lipids for skin permeability barrier function, and a wide variety of ceramide species exist in the stratum corneum (SC). Although ceramides with long-chain bases (LCBs) of various lengths have been identified in the human SC, a quantitative analysis that distinguishes ceramide species with different LCB chain lengths has not been yet published. Therefore, the whole picture of human SC ceramides remains unclear. Here, we conducted LC/MS/MS analyses to detect individual ceramide species differing in both the LCB and FA chain lengths and quantified 1,327 unbound ceramides and 254 protein-bound ceramides: the largest number of ceramide species reported to date. Ceramides containing an LCB whose chain length was C16–26 were present in the human SC. Of these, C18 (28.6%) was the most abundant, followed by C20 (24.8%) and C22 (12.8%). Each ceramide class had a characteristic distribution of LCB chain lengths and was divided into five groups according to this distribution. There was almost no difference in FA composition between the ceramide species containing LCBs of different chain lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated that one of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complexes, SPTLC1/SPTLC3/SPTSSB, was able to produce C16–24 LCBs. The expression levels of all subunits constituting the SPT complexes increased during keratinocyte differentiation, resulting in the observed chain-length diversity of LCBs in the human SC. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating human SC ceramide diversity and the pathogenesis of skin disorders.     

Production of ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid from ricinoleic acid by recombinant Escherichia coli-based biocatalyst

ω-Hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid are valuable building blocks for the production of flavors and antifungal agents as well as bioplastics such as polyamides and polyesters. However, a biosynthetic process to allow high productivity and product yield has not been reported. In the present study, we engineered an Escherichia coli-based biocatalytic process to efficiently produce ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid from a renewable fatty acid (i.e., ricinoleic acid). Expression systems for catalytic enzymes (i.e., an alcohol dehydrogenase of Micrococcus luteus, a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, an esterase of Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK WI) and biotransformation conditions were investigated. Biotransformation during stationary growth phase of recombinant E. coli in a bioreactor allowed to produce ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid at a rate of 3.2 mM/h resulting in a final product concentration of ca. 20 mM. The total amount of ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid produced reached 6.5 g/L (4.0 g/L of ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and 2.5 g/L of n-heptanoic acid). These results indicate that the high value carboxylic acids ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid and n-heptanoic acid can be produced from a renewable fatty acid via whole-cell biotransformation.     

代谢工程改造热带假丝酵母高效合成中链ω-羟基脂肪酸

[目的]ω-羟基脂肪酸(ω-hydroxyfatty acid,ω-HFAs)是一种绿色安全无毒,具有良好生物相容性的理想生物降解材料,广泛应用于化工、食品、药学等方面,微生物发酵法生产ω-羟基脂肪酸具有重要的研究意义和应用前景.[方法]为了得到高产ω-羟基脂肪酸的代谢工程菌株,通过同源重组技术,连续敲除二倍体热带假丝...     

Toll-like Receptor 2 Facilitates Oxidative Damage-Induced Retinal Degeneration

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Synthesis and characterization of poly-O-methyl-[n]-polyurethane from a d-glucamine-based monomer

Aminoalditol 1-amino-1-deoxy-d-sorbitol (1) was readily converted into 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-methyl derivative 5, a key precursor of a sugar-based [n]-polyurethane. For the polymerization, the free amino or primary hydroxyl groups of 5 were selectively activated and employed as starting monomers in two alternative procedures. Thus, the amino function of 5 was converted into the isocyanate derivative by treatment with di-tert-butyltricarbonate, and polymerized in situ in the presence of Zr(IV) acetylacetonate. The resulting poly(1-amino-1-deoxy-2,3,4,5-tetra-O-methyl-d-sorbitol)urethane (8) had a moderate molecular weight and showed the presence of urea units. The alternative synthesis of 8 involved the activation of the free hydroxyl group of 5 as the corresponding phenylcarbonate. The polymerization of this α-amino-ω-phenylcarbonate alditol monomer does not require a metal catalyst. The resulting material exhibited an improved molecular weight and higher purity than that obtained via the isocyanate. [n]-polyurethane 8 was highly soluble in water as well as in common organic solvents (chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, etc) and was obtained as an amorphous material which was characterized thermally and spectroscopically.     

ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对PTSD-SPS 大鼠空间学习记忆和海马神经元 溶酶体损伤的防护作用研究

目的:观察饲料中添加ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对PTSD-SPS大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马神经元溶酶体损伤的保护作用。方法:将48只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、PTSD-SPS模型组、30%ω-3PUFAs+PTSD-SPS模型组、60%ω-3PU-FAs+PTSD-SPS模型组。采用Morris水迷宫测试方法,观察大鼠定位航行实验中逃避潜伏期及空间探索实验中靶象限活动时间的百分比及穿台次数。电子显微镜观察大鼠海马神经元超微结构变化。结果:与对照组相比,SPS模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长,第5天达到(39.12±7.34)s(P<0.05);第6天大鼠靶象限内活动时间百分比明显缩短及穿台次数减少,分别是10.01%±3.03%及(1.05±0.13)次;与SPS模型组对比,喂饲60%ω-3PUFAs的SPS组大鼠逃避潜伏期为(19.13±4.26)s(P<0.05),靶象限内活动时间百分比及穿台次数为25.56%±2.13%、(2.36±0.34)次(P<0.05)。电镜结果显示,喂饲ω-3PUFAs的SPS模型组大鼠海马神经元中溶酶体数量比SPS组明显减少,与对照组没有显著差异。结论:ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能通过减少海马神经元溶酶体的数量对PTSD-SPS大鼠学习记忆损伤起到一定的防护作用。     

HPLC determination of α-ketoglutaramate [5-amino-2,5-dioxopentanoate] in biological samples

α-Ketoglutaramate is an important glutamine metabolite in mammals, plants, and many bacteria. It is also a nicotine metabolite in certain bacteria. Previously published methods for the determination of α-ketoglutaramate in biological samples have considerable drawbacks. Here, we describe a relatively simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method for measurement of α-ketoglutaramate in plasma and deproteinized tissues that overcomes these drawbacks. Concentrations of α-ketoglutaramate in normal rat liver, kidney, brain, and plasma were found to be approximately 216, 13, 6, and 19 μM, respectively. The HPLC method should be useful for studying the role of α-ketoglutaramate in eukaryotic glutamine metabolism and in bacterial nicotine metabolism.