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21.
Patricia Arevalo-Durup 《BioControl》1992,37(2):239-247
Les interactions h?te-parasito?de ont été abordées dans le cas du systèmeTrichomalopsis peregrina G. (Pteromalidae) et son h?te grégaireEuproctis chrysorrhoea L. (Lymantriidae), au cours de la phase diapausante des chenilles dans les nids d'hiver tissés par ce ravageur. Un échantillon de 1 432 nids
d'hiver a été récolté dans 8 peuplements de chênes dans la région toulousaine durant l'hiver 1988. Le volume du nid a été
utilisé comme estimateur du nombre de chenillesh?tes dans les nids et la réponse du parasito?de a été comparée à celle prévue
par la théorie de la stratégie optimale de recherche. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants:
Host-parasitoid interactions are reviewed in the case ofTrichomalopsis peregrina G. (Pteromalidae) and its aggregated host,Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lymantriidae) during the arrest of development of the caterpillars in the winter nest spun by this forest pest. A sample of 1,432 winter
nests in 8 oak groves near Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France were collected during the winter 1988. The volume of the winter
nests has been used to estimate the number of larvae in nests. The response of the parasitoid has been compared with the optimal
searching theory for parasitoids. The main results are:
(i) Parasitoids present an aggregative response; to a higher density of host larvae corresponds a higher number of apparent
attacks; (ii) in contrast with that theory, the apparent rate of parasitism is inversely density dependent with respect to
caterpillar density in the nest; (iii) these results suggest that the access of the parasito?d to the caterpillars is limited
to the proximity of the nest surface. 相似文献
(i) | les parasito?des présentent une réponse agrégative typique, les plus fortes densités d'h?tes correspondant au plus grand nombre de parasito?des sortant des nids; |
(ii) | contrairement à la théorie, les taux de parasitisme apparent varient en sens inverse des effectifs de chenilles par nid; |
(iii) | ces résultats suggèrent l'existence d'une accessibilité limitée des chenilles, l'activité parasitaire s'exer?ant sur les chenilles proches de la surface du nid. |
22.
Hermann Seim Heinz Löster Reiner Claus Hans-Peter Kleber Erich Strack 《Archives of microbiology》1982,132(1):91-95
In view of the development of al-carnitine deficiency, the metabolism ofl-carnitine and structure-related trimethylammonium compounds was studied inSalmonella typhimurium LT2 by means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC).l-Carnitine, crotonobetaine and acetyl-l-carnitine stimulated the anaerobic growth in a complex medium significantly. The stimulation depended on the formation of -butyrobetaine. The reduction ofl-carnitine proceeded in two steps: (1) Dehydration of thel-carnitine to crotonobetaine, (2) hydrogenation of crotonobetaine to -butyrobetaine. The reduction of crotonobetaine was responsible for the growth stimulation. Terminal electron acceptors of the anaerobic respiration such as nitrate and trimethylamine N-oxide, but not fumarate, suppressed the catabolism ofl-carnitine completely. Glucose fermentation, too, inhibited the reduction ofl-carnitine but optimal growth with a high carnitine catabolism was achieved byd-ribose. The esters of carnitine with medium- and long-chain fatty acids inhibited the growth considerably because of their detergent properties.Abbreviations TLC
thin-layer chromatography 相似文献
23.
24.
Gale W. Rafter 《Biological trace element research》1982,4(2-3):191-197
Leukocytes incubated with Cu(II) showed a decrease in both glutathione reductase activity and reduced glutathione content.
The glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity under the same conditions was not affected. Serum albumin added to mixtures
prevented the loss of enzyme activity, whiled-penicillamine andl-histidine had little effect. Prior oxidation of the cell-reduced glutathione did not diminish the enzyme inhibitory action
of Cu(II). The amount of regeneration of reduced glutathione in leukocytes previously treated with diamide to oxidize their
reduced glutathione was a function of Cu(II) concentration in the media. No evidence was obtained that elevated serum ceruloplasmin
levels in rabbits, nor incubation of leukocytes in vitro with ceruloplasmin, affect leukocyte glutathione reductase activity.
It was proposed that the major mechanism by which copper affects glutathione metabolism in leukocytes is by inhibition of
glutathione reductase. 相似文献
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ATP binding cassette transport systems account for most import of necessary nutrients in bacteria. The periplasmic binding component (or an equivalent membrane-anchored protein) is critical to recognizing cognate ligand and directing it to the appropriate membrane permease. Here we report the X-ray structures of d-xylose binding protein from Escherichia coli in ligand-free open form, ligand-bound open form, and ligand-bound closed form at 2.15 Å, 2.2 Å, and 2.2 Å resolutions, respectively. The ligand-bound open form is the first such structure to be reported at high resolution; the combination of the three different forms from the same protein furthermore gives unprecedented details concerning the conformational changes involved in binding protein function. As is typical of the structural family, the protein has two similar globular domains, which are connected by a three-stranded hinge region. The open liganded structure shows that xylose binds first to the C-terminal domain, with only very small conformational changes resulting. After a 34° closing motion, additional interactions are formed with the N-terminal domain; changes in this domain are larger and serve to make the structure more ordered near the ligand. An analysis of the interactions suggests why xylose is the preferred ligand. Furthermore, a comparison with the most closely related proteins in the structural family shows that the conformational changes are distinct in each type of binding protein, which may have implications for how the individual proteins act in concert with their respective membrane permeases. 相似文献
28.
The term apoptosis refers to a peculiar morphology of cell death. It is of special interest because it can be triggered physiologically (and pathologically), and it is regulated by the actions of specific gene products. Therefore, it can in principle be activated and suppressed by medical intervention. It thus is often important to determine whether cells are dying by apoptosis (or its less regulated counterpart, necrosis) and also to quantity the effect in a population of cells. Here the classic methods of apoptosis quantitation are described; they will be of particular use to those whose laboratories are set up for standard microscopical and biochemical techniques, who do apoptosis assays infrequently but wish them to be widely accepted and reproducible. A simple microscopic observation, using blue light illumination and a pair of fluorescent dyes, is recommended for most applications. 相似文献
29.
30.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1494-1497
To clarify the involvement of seven Arabidopsis homologs of rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone (L-GulL) oxidase, AtGulLOs, in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), transgenic tobacco cells overexpressing the various AtGulLOs were generated. Under treatment with L-GulL, the levels of total AsA in three transgenic tobacco cell lines, overexpressing AtGulLO2, 3, or 5, were significantly increased as compared with those in control cells. 相似文献