Population Changes of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Yields Resulting from Soil Treatment with Alachlor,Fenamiphos, and Ethoprop

The population dynamics of Heterodera glycines as influenced by alachlor, fenamiphos, and ethoprop alone and in herbicide-nematicide combinations were studied in the field. Numbers of H. glycines juveniles and eggs were higher at midseason and harvest where nematicides were applied. Fenamiphos alone or in combination with alachlor provided better control of H. glycines and greater seed yields than treatments with ethoprop. Numbers of H. glycines eggs at harvest in 1980 were positively correlated with numbers of juveniles at planting in 1981 and negatively related to seed yield in 1981.     

The effects of monocyte-conditioned medium and interleukin 1 on the synthesis of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins by mouse bone and human bone cells in vitro

Cultural adherent human mononuclear cells produce factor(s) which stimulate the release of calcium from new-born mouse calvaria in organ culture. This stimulation of bone resorption is accompanied by an inhibition of the incorporation of [³H]proline into collagen which is independent of increased prostaglandin production by the bone. When human osteoblast-like cells are treated with conditioned medium from human mononuclear cells, collagen accounts for a decreased proportion of the protein synthesised. This effect on matrix synthesis is not accompanied by an inhibitory action of the monocyte-conditioned medium preparations on net cell proliferation. In human osteoblast-like cell cultures, partially purified human interleukin 1 also inhibits the production of the bone-specific protein osteocalcin in a dose-dependent fashion. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that products of human monocytes similar to, or identical with, human interleukin 1 may be important regulators of bone metabolism and may contribute to the bone loss seen in diseases such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis.     

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by the carcinogen 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene and its removal from the DNA of normal and xeroderma pigmentosum lymphocytes

The carcinogen 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene (BBA), which can bind strongly to DNA, induces unscheduled DNA synthesis (DNA repair) in normal lymphocytes but almost none in lymphocytes from patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and inherited disease known to be defective in excision repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA. We studied [³H]BBA's ability to bind to DNA of normal and XP lymphocytes, its influence on unscheduled DNA synthesis, and its removal from the DNA of both cell types. We found that 20–30% of the BBA is bound to macromolecules other than DNA and that its binding to DNA is essentially complete after 30 min. The induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by the carcinogen in XP lymphocytes was approximately 10% of that induced in normal lymphocytes. While 15–20% of the BBA was removed from the DNA of normal cells 6 h after treatment, only 1–2% was removed from the DNA of XP cells. Thus, XP cells not only are defective in repairing ultraviolet-damaged DNA and excising thymine dimers but also fail to repair DNA damaged by certain carcinogens, and, most importantly, fail to remove the DNA-bound carcinogen, BBA.     

Epitope Analysis of Soybean Major Allergen Gly m Bd 30K Recognized by the Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Using Overlapping Peptides

The epitopes of the major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies H6 and F5 were investigated by using synthetic peptides bound to pins. The epitopes are shown to be localized in peptide ³¹QGGCGRGWAFSATGAI-EA⁴⁸ for H6, and in ¹¹⁵ DKVTIDGYETLIMSDEST¹³² for F5.     

The Sex Ratio of Heterodera glycines at Low Population Densities

The sex ratio of the Arkansas 1 isolate of Heterodera glycines was determined in experiments in which ''Lee'' soybean was inoculated with either one or two larvae. A 3:1 male to female sex ratio was established for this isolate under the test conditions used. No influence of one nematode on the penetration and development to adult of another nematode in the same root was detected in double larval inoculations.     

Decision Support through Mass and Energy Flow Management in the Vehicle-Refinishing Sector

In the past few decades, major advances in environmental protection within the coating application industry have been made. In spite of this technological progress, approximately 50% of industrial-solvent emissions still come from the paint-application sector. The advances made in reducing emissions for plants requiring licensing have unfortunately had no influence on the environmental efforts of smaller companies. Solvent-reduced painting systems, such as high-solid paints, water-based coating, and powder coating have not been able to achieve acceptance, nor have innovative application technologies. The principal arguments against a conversion to these ecologically more favorable alternatives were related to cost and quality.
Recently, the EU Solvent Directive (1999/13/EC) went into effect, aiming to significantly reduce industrial-solvent emissions. Up until this point, however, instruments enabling smaller companies to determine their solvent emissions and to simultaneously develop process-improvement potentials while keeping costs in mind have been missing.
Using the mass and energy flow-management approach, cost structures and environmental benefits can be made transparent to the entrepreneur. The primary result of the research projects presented here is the computer-based mass and energy flow model called the individual computer-aided mass and energy flow model for the vehicle-refinishing sector (IMPROVE). It can be used as a detailed business-consultancy tool. Based upon this, practical guidelines were developed for easy orientation and activity planning. They can be used by companies to help them fulfill the requirements of environmental legislation and to display the benefits that can be achieved by various emission-reduction measures.     

Isolation and sequence of cDNA encoding the soybean protease inhibitors PI IV and C-II

Two full-length (or nearly so) cDNA clones containing information for the protease inhibitors PI IV and C-II from soybean seeds were identified by means of a synthetic probe. DNA sequencing revealed that the two protease inhibitors are synthesized as precursors with a short peptide leader. The coding regions of the two clones show 80% homology, wheraes the 5 non-coding regions are 90% homologous. Homology of 75% is found in the region extending beyond the stop codons.     

The influence of the culture medium on the competitive abilities ofBradyrhizobium japonicum strains

Growth on culture media results in changes in Rhizobium competitivity:Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain G2, when mixed with the strain GMB 1 in the same ratio, formed 85% of the total nodule numbers when the strains were cultured on the YEM medium, whereas, it formed only 55% of the nodules when they were cultured on the MSY medium.     

Nonhost Root Penetration by Soybean Cyst Nematode

A total of 66 plants in 50 species were inoculated with eggs and juveniles of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Roots were stained and observed for penetration and development of the nematode. Twenty-six plants were not penetrated; twenty-three were penetrated, but there was no development of the nematode; eight were penetrated with some nematode development; two were penetrated and had considerable nematode development, but few nematodes, if any, matured; and seven were penetrated with many nematodes maturing. The penetration of nonhosts may imply some susceptibility and that populations eventually would build up on the penetrated plants. Plants not penetrated may be useful as rotation plants because no reproduction would occur.