Escalating human–wildlife conflict in the Wolong Nature Reserve,China: A dynamic and paradoxical process

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) has become a conservation focus for both protected area management and local communities in many parts of the world. The incidence and mediation of HWCs are rooted in coupled environmental and socioeconomic contexts. A systematic analysis of HWCs was undertaken in 2016 in the Wolong Nature Reserve located in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 201 local households to understand the occurrence of wildlife damage, the wildlife species involved, the typical losses incurred, and the mitigation measures employed. The results revealed that local HWC has increased rapidly in recent years due to effective biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration policies. Despite the widespread occurrence of HWCs, with nearly all respondents stating that they had suffered a financial loss, appropriate compensation schemes are lacking. Local respondents' expected compensation amount and style were investigated, and it was concluded that integrated compensation and community development plans are needed to mediate and resolve HWC. In particular, greater attention should be given to reduce local households' dependence on agriculture and transform local livelihood strategies to alternative economic activities not related to farming, such as ecotourism development and migrating employment.     

野猪与人冲突防控对策研究的系统评价

在中国,野猪(Sus scrofa)与人冲突问题亟需采取有效、科学的对策进行防控。通过了解野猪与人冲突防控对策的文献数量、研究范围、防控对策的种类及有效性等方面,对国内外野猪与人冲突防控对策进行系统分析与评价,以期为我国防控野猪与人冲突提供理论依据。检索中英文数据库建库至2021年5月31日的文献,提取文献的研究起始年份、研究所在地理单元、使用的防控措施种类、措施是否有效、措施的具体内容评价等。共搜集文献446篇,最终纳入77篇,分别来自欧洲、亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲、南美洲五大洲,研究时间主要在1981年后。防控对策类型主要分为致死性防控(药物、猎捕)及非致死性防控(干扰技术、设置障碍物、补充喂养、生育控制、生物防控)两大类;致死性防控对策的有效性(81.5%)高于非致死性防控对策的有效性(68.4%)。相比于非致死性防控对策,致死性防控对策是目前有效性较高的防控策略,而猎捕是现阶段调控野猪种群可行性较高的主要致死性防控对策。国外在猎捕方面的经验可为我国开展野猪防控工作提供参考。