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排序方式: 共有1995条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
An experimental test of the eddy correlation technique over a Mediterranean macchia canopy 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
R. VALENTINI G. E. SCARASCIA MUGNOZZA P. DE ANGELLS R. BIMBI 《Plant, cell & environment》1991,14(9):987-994
Abstract. Flux densities of water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured for a Mediterranean macchia canopy. Results show good agreement between the measured available energy and the sum of latent sensible and heat flux densities determined with the eddy correlation technique. Joint evaluation of the Bowen ratio, aerodynamic resistance, canopy resistance and the 'omega factor' suggests that the macchia canopy is intermediate in aerodynamic roughness between coniferous and deciduous canopies. Maximum daytime carbon flux densities ranged from -14 to -22(μnol m−2 s−1 on a ground area basis. The ratio of transpiration to assimilation (E/A) was a function of incident photo-synthetic photon flux density below about 400 μmol m−2 s−1 and above it was fairly constant at 272 mol mol−1 (H2 O/CO2 ). The relationship between carbon influx and canopy conductance was linear. Results show promising applications of the eddy correlation technique for evaluating physiological features of canopies, treated as unitary functional systems. 相似文献
3.
4.
W. Junger 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,169(5):633-639
Waterstriders on ponds and creeks compensate for displacement caused by wind or water current with periodical jumps against the direction of drift. This behavior is mediated by visual stimuli.
相似文献
1. | Waterstriders are able to detect the direction and extent of their displacement on an artificial canal when visual cues are reduced to a single point-like light source above the upstream end of the canal. They adjust the frequency and direction of the compensatory jumps to keep their mean position on the canal constant. The mean amplitude of the jumps is constant and independent of the stream velocity. |
2. | During drift compensation the light spot is kept in the frontal visual field at a fixed angle of elevation. This set angle differs among individuals and can be changed with time. |
3. | The station-keeping ability can hardly be explained by a velocity servo system since there is no accumulating position error. The average compensatory movements are governed by a discontinuously working position servo. |
4. | When the light spot is switched off, a few jumps are still performed. Jumps, therefore, are not triggered individually by visual cues. Waterstriders must possess an endogenous jump-generator. |
5.
Ursula Bartecki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(2):173-184
A study was carried out on the social position of 12 subadult males of a semifreeranging Barbary macaque population during
the non-mating season. The social position was measured in terms of spatial as well as interactive parameters. The subadult
males had social contacts to members of nearly all other age-sex classes but showed clear preferences for same-sexed partners.
Besides this differences were found between 5- and 6-year-old males with respect to their interaction profiles and the preference
for special classes of interaction partners. The terms “peripheral-central” is discussed with reference to the social structures
of macaque societies. The data of the present study indicate that the social position of subadult male Barbary macaques can
not be described by one of these terms exclusively. The results are compared to other studies on Barbary macaques and other
macaque species. It is concluded that in macaque societies subadult males are not obligatorily forced to live at the periphery
or to abide. It is proposed not to postulate stiff social structures but to put more emphasis on the range of variation among
macaque species. 相似文献
6.
Forest density expressing the stocking status constitutes the major stand physiognomic parameter of Indian forest. Density
and age are often taken as surrogate to structural and compositional changes that occur with the forest succession. Satellite
remote sensing spectral response is reported to provide information on structure and composition of forest stands. The various
vegetation indices are also correlated with forest canopy closure. The paper presents a three way crown density model utilizing
the vegetation indices viz., advanced vegetation index, bare soil index and canopy shadow index for classification of forest
crown density. The crop and water classes which could not be delineated by the model were finally masked from normalized difference
vegetation index and TM band 7 respectively. The rule based approach has been implemented for land use and forest density
classification. The broad land cover classification accuracy has been found to be 91.5%. In the higher forest density classes
the classification accuracy ranged between 93 and 95%, whereas in the lower density classes it was found to be between 82
and 85%. 相似文献
7.
Makoto Kato Tamiji Inoue Abang Abdul Hamid Teruyoshi Nagamitsu Mahamud Ben Merdek Abdul Rahman Nona Takao Itino Seiki Yamane Takakazu Yumoto 《Population Ecology》1995,37(1):59-79
Nocturnal flying insects were collected monthly for 13 months using ultra violet light-traps set at various vertical levels in a weakly-seasonal, tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Abundance, faunal composition, size distribution and guild structure of these samples were analyzed with respect to temperal and vertical distributions. The nocturnal flying insect community in the canopy level was highly dominated by fig wasps (84%) in individual number, and by scarabaeid beetles (28%) in weight. A principal component analysis on monthly catches detected non-random, seasonal trends of insect abundance. The first two principal trends were an alternation of wetter (September to January) and less wet seasons (February to August) and an alternation between the least wet (January to March) and the other seasons. Many insect groups were less abundant in the least wet season than the other seasons, whilst inverse patterns were found in Scarabaeidae and Tenebrionidae. Significantly positive and negative correlations between monthly catch and rainfall were detected only in ovule-feeders and in phloem-feeders, respectively. Delayed, significant negative correlations between monthly catch and 1–3 month preceding rainfall were more frequently detected in phytophages, phloem-feeders, seed-feeders, wood-borers and scavengers. The peak in abundance along vertical levels were found at the canopy level (35 m) for phloem-, ovule-, seed-, root-, fungal-feeders and nectar collectors, at an upper subcanopy level (25 m) for scavengers and aquatic predators, and at a middle subcanopy level (17 m) for ants. Catches at the emergent level (45 m) did not exceed those at the canopy level. 相似文献
8.
金钱松(属)的细胞分类学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国特有植物金钱松Pseudolarixamabills的体细胞染色体数目为2n=44,不同于n=12(Miyake&Yasui,1911)和2n=24(Dunieu-Vabre,1961)的结果。核型公式为K(2n)=44=4sm+40t)4SC)属3B类型,与K(n)=22=2m+20t(Sax&Sax,1933)和K(2n)=44=4sm+40t(Hizume1988)有差异。染色体相对长度组成为=44=4L+12M_2+26M_1+2S。金钦松(属)不仅在染色体数目(2n=44)和核型(具20对端着丝粒染色体)而且它的一些形态、解剖学和植化性状与所有松科其它各属不同。另外,它的一系列形态、解剖、孢粉、生化、植化和古植物学特征显然表明把该属与落叶松属、雪松属一起组成落叶松亚科是不适宜的。因此似乎有理由把金钱松从该亚科分出并建立一个单型的金钱松新亚科。本文还对金钱松(属)核型可能由近缘的铁杉属起源和进化而来作了讨论。 相似文献
9.
伯乐树茎次生木质部结构的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用光镜和扫描电镜对伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensisHem sl.)茎次生木质部的结构进行了研究。其主要特征为:(1)散孔材,有较明显的生长轮;(2)导管分子多为单穿孔板,少数为梯形复穿孔板,具螺纹加厚;(3)管胞、纤维-管胞和韧型木纤维同时存在,后两者有的具分隔;(4)木薄壁组织以轮界分布为主;(5)木射线多为大型异形射线,属异形IIB型;(6)缺乏侵填体、树脂道及分泌细胞。对伯乐树科(Bretschneideraceae)的系统位置作了探讨。 相似文献
10.
Fluorescence and reflectance characteristics of manganese deficient soybean leaves: Effects of leaf age and choice of leaflet 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Leaf reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of soybean (Glycine max cv Bragg) are influenced strongly by Mn availability. This report evaluates the effects of leaflet choice, leaf age, and leaf nodal position on several spectral characteristics. Leaves were obtained from soybeans grown hydroponically under controlled environmental conditions with wide differences in Mn supply. The ratio of constant yield fluorescence (Fo) to variable yield fluorescence (Fv), the ratios of reflectance at 750 nm to 550 nm and that at 650 nm to 550 nm, the position of the "red edge" near 700 nm, and an index of leaf "yellowness" were measured periodically. Increasing leaf age caused increases in the "red edge" and in both reflectance ratios. Leaf "yellowness" and the fluorescence ratio Fo/Fv decreased with leaf age and increased with leaf nodal position, primarily in Mn deficient leaves. Effects arising from leaf choice were smaller than those caused by Mn deficiency. 相似文献