黄河三角洲垦利县夏季土壤水盐空间变异及土壤盐分微域特征

黄河三角洲作为我国重要的后备土地资源区,土壤盐渍化问题突出,切实掌握季节性土壤水盐状况及其微域特征是该区土壤盐渍化防控和土地资源高效利用的重要基础。选择黄河三角洲垦利县,通过野外调查实测与室内化验分析获取土壤水盐含量数据,利用统计分析、GIS空间插值、实地观测与数据分析对比等方法,分析了研究区夏季土壤水盐状况及其微域变异规律。结果显示:研究区夏季土壤水盐含量总体较高,含盐量以中度盐渍化为主,随着土层深度的增加含盐量呈上升趋势,且各层土壤含盐量呈显著正相关性;含盐量较高的地区主要分布在该区东北部和中东部,含盐量较低的地区主要分布在西南部和中部;土壤含盐量从大到小的植被类型依次为光板地→碱蓬→高粱→芦苇→茅草→水稻→棉花→玉米;土壤盐分微域变化特征明显,含盐量受距路边远近、不同耕作措施、地形部位、植被群落等因素影响较大,表现出微域规律性和复杂性。该研究基本摸清了研究区夏季时相的土壤水盐状况及其微域特征,为黄河三角洲农作物栽培管理及土壤资源可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

暖脐散神阙贴敷联合艾灸治疗脾虚型泄泻患儿效果及对肠道微生态的影响

摘要 目的：分析暖脐散神阙贴敷联合艾灸治疗脾虚型泄泻患儿效果及对肠道微生态的影响。方法：选择河南中医药大学第一附属医院自2021年1月至2022年7月接诊的120例脾虚型泄泻患儿,随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组予以双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊、蒙脱石散治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,加用暖脐散神阙贴敷联合艾灸治疗,其中艾灸取穴：神阙、中脘、足三里、天枢、脾俞、肾俞,治疗14 d。记录两组患儿症状缓解情况（大便性状正常时间、泄泻停止时间）,检测治疗前后肠道屏障功能指标（二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸）、肠道菌群数量（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪球菌、大肠杆菌）、血清炎症因子（白介素-6、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子α）。结果：对比对照组,观察组大便性状正常时间、泄泻停止时间均更短（P＜0.05）;治疗后,观察组血清二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸水平均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,对比对照组,观察组血清白介素-6、白介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子α水平更低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,对比对照组,观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量更多,粪球菌、大肠杆菌数量更少（P＜0.05）;观察组总有效率为93.33%,对比对照组的83.33%（P＜0.05）。结论：暖脐散神阙贴敷联合艾灸治疗脾虚型泄泻患儿效果显著,有助于缩短病程、改善肠道屏障功能和肠道微生态。     

Limnology of a Warm Hypertrophic Wastewater Reservoir in Israel I. The Physical Environment

This paper deals with stratification in a small reservoir (50 000 m³ volume, 5.5 m depth) receiving wastewater with a BOD of 80 mg/1 during the winter in order to irrigate agricultural areas during the dry summer. The reservoir goes through three partially overlapping annual cycles: solar radiation, water temperature and reservoir operation. It presents both permanent (deep) and ephemeral (shallow) stratification during the summer in spite of the strong breeze, due to both thermal and biogenic chemical gradients. There are stratified and non-stratified wastewater reservoirs in Israel. Stratification in hypertrophic impoundments seems to depend also on parameters derived from the chemical composition of hypertrophic waters. (e. g., turbidity, biogenic gradients, wind/water friction coefficient, viscosity).     

Elevational trends in butterfly phenology: implications for species responses to climate change

1. Impacts of global change on the distribution, abundance, and phenology of species have been widely documented. In particular, recent climate change has led to widespread changes in animal and plant seasonality, leading to debate about its potential to cause phenological mismatches among interacting taxa. 2. In mountainous regions, populations of many species show pronounced phenological gradients over short geographic distances, presenting the opportunity to test for effects of climate on phenology, independent of variation in confounding factors such as photoperiod. 3. Here we show for 32 butterfly species sampled for five years over a 1700 m gradient (560–2260 m) in a Mediterranean mountain range that, on average, annual flight period is delayed with elevation by 15–22 days per kilometre. Species mainly occurring at low elevations in the region, and to some extent those flying earlier in the year, showed phenological delays of 23–36 days per kilometre, whereas the flight periods of species that occupy high elevations, or fly in late summer, were consistently more synchronised over the elevation gradient. 4. Elevational patterns in phenology appear to reflect a narrowing phenological window of opportunity for larval and adult butterfly activity of high elevation and late‐flying species. 5. Here, we speculate as to the causes of these patterns, and the consequences for our ability to predict species responses to climate change. Our results raise questions about the use of space–time substitutions in predicting phenological responses to climate change, since traits relating to flight period and environmental associations may influence the capacity of species to adapt to changing climates.     

非生长季降水对青藏高原高寒草甸优势种生物量稳定性的影响

受全球气候变化的影响,青藏高原在过去的几十年间整体上呈现暖湿化的趋势,相比于年际之间温度和降水的变化外,生长季和非生长季气候变化模式的差异可能会对生态系统产生更重要的影响,但相关的研究尚不充分。以青藏高原东部的高寒草甸为研究对象,基于2001年至2017年17年的野外观测数据,包括优势植物紫花针茅的高度、多度以及生物量、次优势物种洽草的生物量,结合生长季和非生长季平均温度和降水量的变化,通过线性回归以及结构方程模型,探究生长季/非生长季不对称气候变化对于青藏高原高寒草甸优势物种生物量稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：1)青藏高原东部年均温和年降水在过去的17年间显著增加,呈现暖湿化的趋势,但是非生长的降水却变化不明显;2)紫花针茅的高度、多度以及生物量在过去17年没有显著的趋势,但是洽草的生物量稳定性显著减少;3)非生长降水结合紫花针茅的高度、多度以及洽草的生物量稳定性促进了紫花针茅的生物量稳定性。研究结果可以为青藏高原高寒草甸在未来气候变化的背景下合理保护与利用提供科学依据。