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Photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) play key roles in photoinduced electron-transfer reaction in oxygenic photosynthesis. Assemblies of these PSs can be initiated by illumination of the etiolated seedlings (greening). The study aimed to identify specific fluorescence spectral components relevant to PSI and PSII assembly intermediates emerging in greening seedlings of Zea mays, a typical C4 plant. The different PSII contents between the bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) cells were utilized to spectrally isolate the precursors to PSI and PSII. The greening Zea mays leaf thin sections were observed with the cryogenic microscope combined with a spectrometer. With the aid of the singular-value decomposition analysis, we could identify four independent fluorescent species, SAS677, SAS685, SAS683, and SAS687, named after their fluorescence peak wavelengths. SAS677 and SAS685 are the dominant components after the 30-minute greening, and the distributions of these components showed no clear differences between M and BS cells, indicating immature cell differentiation in this developing stage. On the other hand, the 1-hour greening resulted in reduced distributions of SAS683 in BS cells leading us to assign this species to PSII precursors. The 2-hour greening induced the enrichment of SAS687 in BS cells suggesting its PSI relevance. Similarity in the peak wavelengths of SAS683 and the reported reaction center of PSII implied their connection. SAS687 showed an intense sub-band at around 740 nm, which can be assigned to the emission from the red chlorophylls specific to the mature PSI. 相似文献
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The results of some double-ζ D95 valence-bond (VB) calculations are reported for the ground states of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 (17 valence electrons), ozone, O3 (18 valence electrons), and chlorine dioxide, ClO2 (19 valence electrons). The Mulliken, Löwdin and Hiberty structural weights are reported for nine (NO2), six (O3), and three (ClO2) Lewis structures that differ in the locations of the π electrons. The most important Lewis structures for NO2 are the uncharged spin-paired diradical structure VII and the two equivalent structures that carry no formal charges (II and V). For O3 and ClO2, the primary Lewis structures are, respectively, the uncharged singlet diradical structure III, and I with the odd electron located in the chlorine 3pπ atomic orbital.For ClO2, the results of some STO-6G calculations, with 16 canonical Lewis type structures included, give a much smaller value for the chlorine odd-electron charge than does the D95 vb2000 calculation with a Hartree-Fock core. However, the structural weights obtained from the STO-6G calculations do reflect the expectation that small atomic formal charge separations, together with some Cl-O covalent σ-bonding, are associated with large structural weights. 相似文献
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Delocalization of charges thorough DNA occurs due to the natural and continuous movements of molecule which stimulates the charge transfer through the molecule. A model is presented showing that the mechanism of electrical conduction occurs mainly by thermally-activated drift motion of holes under control of the localized carriers; where electrons are localized in the conduction band. These localized (stationary-trapped) electrons control the movements of the positive charges and do not play an effective role in the electrical conduction itself. It is found that the localized charge-carriers in the bands have characteristic relaxation times at 5×10(^-2)s, 1.94×10(^-4)s, 5×10(^-7)s, and 2×10(^-11)s respectively which are corresponding to four intrinsic thermal activation energies 0.56eV, 0.33eV, 0.24eV, and 0.05eV respectively. The ac-conductivity of some published data are well fitted with the presented model and the total charge density in DNA molecule is calculated to be n=1.88×10(^19)cm(^-3) at 300K which is corresponding to a linear electron density n=8.66×10(^3)cm(^-1) at 300K. The model shed light on the role of transfer and/or localization of charges through DNA which has multiple applications in medical, nano-technical, bio-sensing and different domains. So, repair DNA by adjusting the charge transport through the molecule is future challenges to new medical applications. 相似文献
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Michio Hiroshima Chan-gi Pack Kazunari Kaizu Koichi Takahashi Masahiro Ueda Yasushi Sako 《Journal of molecular biology》2018,430(9):1386-1401
Cell signaling depends on spatiotemporally regulated molecular interactions. Although the movements of signaling proteins have been analyzed with various technologies, how spatial dynamics influence the molecular interactions that transduce signals is unclear. Here, we developed a single-molecule method to analyze the spatiotemporal coupling between motility, clustering, and signaling. The analysis was performed with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which triggers signaling through its dimerization and phosphorylation after association with EGF. Our results show that the few EGFRs isolated in membrane subdomains were released by an EGF-dependent increase in their diffusion area, facilitating molecular associations and producing immobile clusters. Using a two-color single-molecule analysis, we found that the EGF-induced state transition alters the properties of the immobile clusters, allowing them to interact for extended periods with the cytoplasmic protein, GRB2. Our study reveals a novel correlation between this molecular interaction and its mesoscale dynamics, providing the initial signaling node. 相似文献
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水稻小穗轴维管系统网络结构探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对籼型、粳型或其不育系与保持系代表品种小穗解剖观察表明:水稻小穗轴维管系统网络由中央维管束和各分枝维管束复合而成。来自小穗柄的1条大的中央主束和几条边围维管束经数次分枝、联结,不断产生新的分枝维管束进入相应的结构。一般颖片中维管束1-2条,第一稃片中1-3条,第二稃片中1-4条,第二朵退化小花残余结构中0-3条,顶生可孕小花的外稃中5条,内稃中3条,浆片中各2条,雄蕊中各1条,雌蕊中3条,主束与支 相似文献
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水稻中与盐碱适应性相关的VB12不依赖型蛋氨酸合成酶基因的克隆和表达 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
水稻中与盐碱适应性相关的VB12不依赖型蛋氨酸合成酶广泛在于高等植物中,它可催化高半光氨酸甲基化而生成蛋氨酸,为生物体内的甲基化反应和多胺,乙烯的合成提供中间产物。以水稻品种日本晴为材料,在碱性条件下利用cDNA-RAPD法,在水稻中首次报道了VB12不依赖型蛋氨酸合成酶基因的克隆和表达,结果表明:VB12不依赖型蛋氨酸合成酶cDNA基因全长为2740bp,在水稻基因组中以单或低拷贝存在,编码765个氨基酸,与Mesembryanthemum cystallinum (784889)和Cathararanthus roseus(C83499)的同源性分别为92%和83%,水稻在受到碳酸钠胁迫12h和24h后,其转录较氯化钠明显增强,而到48h后下降,暗示它可能与水稻的盐碱适应性有关。 相似文献
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Thomas E. Frederick 《Biophysical journal》2009,96(5):1847-1855
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is an unusually shaped lipid found in relatively high percentage in the late endosome. Here, we report the characterization of the morphology and molecular organization of dioleoyl-BMP (DOBMP) with dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The morphology of hydrated DOBMP dispersions varies with pH and ionic strength, and DOBMP vesicles are significantly smaller in diameter than phosphatidylcholine dispersions. At neutral pH, DOBMP forms highly structured, clustered dispersions 500 nm in size. On the other hand, at acidic pH, spherically shaped vesicles are formed. NMR and spin-labeled electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrate that DOBMP forms a lamellar mesophase with acyl-chain packing similar to that of other unsaturated phospholipids. 31P NMR reveals an orientation of the phosphate group in DOBMP that differs significantly from that of other phospholipids. These macroscopic and microscopic structural characterizations suggest that the biosynthesis of BMP on the inner luminal membrane of maturing endosomes may possibly produce budded vesicles high in BMP content, which form small vesicular structures stabilized by the physical properties of the BMP lipid. 相似文献
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《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):666-672
This paper presents result of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) study realized with the PRECLAV, omega, brood and MOPAC software. The dependent property is the inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB. The calibration set includes 17 aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails with three clinically used CA inhibitors namely AZA, TPM and ZNS molecules. The prediction set contains 24 others not yet synthesized substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamides having unknown observed values of activity. In the presence of prediction set, the predictive quality of QSAR of hCA VA (r2?=?0.9789, F?=?418.115, r2CV?=?0.9689) and hCA VB (r2?=?0.9768; F?=?379.717; r2CV?=?0.9637) is large. The obtained models suggest a slightly different inhibition mechanism for the two isoforms. Large percentage, in weight, of CONH molecular fragments seems to be favourable to inhibitory activity of both VA and VB. 相似文献