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1.
140 Organophosphorus compounds (OP's) have been tested for mutagenic activity in bacteria, principally by using two specially constructed sets of tester strains of the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. It was found that 20% gave positive mutagenic responses and that this group of chemicals produce base substitutions rather than frame-shift mutations. In most cases the DNA repair genes exrA+ and recA+ were for mutagenic activity.Seven compounds were further tested in Drosophila melanogaster for the ability to induce recessive lethal mutations. In some of these cases the doses administered to the flies had to be very low due to the highly toxic nature of the compounds. To overcome this problem, the accumulation of recessive lethal mutations was measured in populations which were continually exposed to the compounds over a period of some 18 months. During this time the populations developed increased resistance to the compound and so the dose administered could gradually be increased. Six of the compounds were mutagenic.Of the compounds tested in both systems, those showing mutagenic activity in bacteria were also mutaganic in Drosophila, those mutagenic in bacteria were not mutagenic in Drosophila.  相似文献   
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We investigated if (1) dissolved compounds excreted by Phaeocystis globosa and (2) transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) formed from carbohydrates excreted into the water affect the feeding of nauplii and females of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis during a P. globosa bloom. Copepod grazing on the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in the presence of these possible grazing deterrents was measured during three successive weeks of a mesocosm study, simulating the development of a P. globosa bloom. Our results demonstrate no indication for the presence of feeding deterrents in the dissolved phase, but a strong inhibitory effect of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) on the consumption of algae by both nauplii and adult copepods. The inhibitory effect of TEP was connected to the accumulation of DOM during the progress of the bloom. We suggest that a reduction in the grazing pressure of zooplankton may increase the survival of the liberated single cells during disruption of colonies and allow seeding populations to persist. Furthermore, P. globosa reduces the trophic efficiency of the food web not only by withdrawal of its colonies from grazing but also by a relaxation of the grazing pressure on co-occurring phytoplankton and by alteration of the food web structure via TEP production.  相似文献   
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海洋浮游植物与生物碳汇   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
孙军 《生态学报》2011,31(18):5372-5378
系统描述了浮游植物与海洋碳汇相关的几个过程:初级生产、浮游植物沉降、浮游动物粪球打包沉降、经典食物链碳汇、溶解有机碳生产和转化、透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)凝聚网,和CO2分压升高(海水酸化)影响下浮游植物功能群转变及中国海可能的生物碳汇前景展望。提出海洋初级生产过程和TEP凝聚网过程是中国海生物碳汇的关键过程,而中国海的黄海中部及长江口区域是生物碳汇研究的重点区域,建议将硅藻及其碳汇过程作为今后研究的重点。  相似文献   
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目的:腹股沟疝是外科中最常见的疾病之一,手术治疗是腹股沟疝的惟一可靠方法。腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术,尤其是完全腹膜外腹腔镜(Totally Extra-preperioneal Prosthetic,TEP)疝修补术,已经成为腹股沟疝治疗的"金标准"。然而,针对65岁以上老年人群,心血管基础疾病较多,全麻风险大,TEP术式疗效是否优于无张力疝修补术还未有报道,本研究拟探讨针对老年人腹股沟疝修补的最佳手术方式。方法:排除两种修补术明确的禁忌症患者,对研究入组的92例≥65岁腹股沟疝老年患者,根据手术方式(TEP术或无张力疝修补术)进行分组,术后分别统计:(1)围手术期评价指标(手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、疼痛等级、离床活动时间、住院时间及住院总费用);(2)远期随访指标(术后2年内的慢性疼痛和复发情况)。综合评估腹腔镜下修补术与无张力修补术应用于老年腹股沟疝气治疗的综合疗效。结果:TEP术相比于无张力疝术只显示出在平均减少20 m L出血量及缓解术后24小时1个AVS疼痛数量级的优势(P0.01);在术后下床活动时间、手术时间、术后96小时疼痛指数、围手术期并发症、住院天数、慢性疼痛指数及远期疗效等主要评价指标中均与无张力修补术相当(P0.05);但却大大增加了手术费用(P0.01)。结论:针对≥65岁腹股沟疝老年患者,尤其是基础疾病多,对医疗费用敏感的人群,开展无张力修补术仍不失为目前最佳选择。  相似文献   
6.
In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, initial imaging is essential to better select patients for surgery. Recent literature analysis of F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is summarized in the present article. Performances of FDG PET in the fields of lymph node involvement, metastatic involvement and therapeutic efficacy assessment are described for its correct use in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   
7.
Phaeocystis spp. cell and colony mass fluxes and their contribution to the vertical particulate organic carbon (POC) export from a wide range of stations were quantified by short-term sediment traps. The compilation of available data, ranging from polar to sub-arctic and boreal regions, revealed that Phaeocystis colonial and single cells frequently are observed in shallow sediment traps at 30–50 m depth (average of 7 ± 11% of POC export). A strong vertical export decline between 40 m and 100 m diminished the contribution of Phaeocystis spp. cell carbon to vertical export of POC to only 3 ± 2% at 100 m depth, with two exceptions (deeper mixed stations). Estimates of potential corresponding mucus contribution increased the average Phaeocystis spp. contribution to <5% of POC export. The vertical flux attenuation efficiency is higher for Phaeocystis spp. than for diatoms. The overall contribution of Phaeocystis spp. to vertical carbon export based on direct investigations of vertical organic carbon export is small.  相似文献   
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The concept of risk-adapted therapy in lymphoma is increasingly accepted as a way to achieve higher cure rates with a lower or equal risk of treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Tailoring and individualizing therapy according to the need of the patient is a therapeutic option which could maybe soon become the standard of care. However, it is still not proven that modifying therapy based on interim-PET can improve patient outcomes. Therefore, this issue must be analyzed in appropriately designed clinical trials. 18F-FDG PET enables evaluation of the early metabolic changes rather than the morphologic changes which occur later during therapy. In lymphoma these early metabolic changes are highly predictive of the final treatment response. PET performed after a few courses of standard chemotherapy is a reliable prognostic tool to identify poor responders to therapy. Interim-PET is a powerful prognostic tool when compared to other well-established clinical parameters in lymphoma. However, the major drawback in the literature appeared to be related to the lack of uniform and reliable criteria for interim-PET scan interpretation. Therefore, in April 2009 an international meeting took place in Deauville (France), where uniform criteria were established for interim-PET scan interpretation. On the other hand, when PET is used to assess treatment response after completion of therapy, the criteria established in the International Harmonization Project in 2007 must be applied. These recommendations were designed to standardize the interpretation of interim PET and PET at the conclusion of therapy of patients with lymphoma both in clinical practice and clinical trials.  相似文献   
10.
Hybrid imaging, particularly positron emission tomography (PET) combined with CT has emerged in the field of oncology as a modality of choice. The concomitant realization of a standard CT examination, however, raises the question of the additional dose delivered to the patient. This radiation burden could be avoided by performing a single PET/CT examination with injection of contrast media. To verify the potential dosimetric gain of this strategy, we compared the effective dose associated with each modality in a retrospective cohort of 151 patients, homogeneous in weight and size. The average effective dose for a PET/CT (injection of 5-6 MBq/kg of 18FDG) was 13.5 mSv, the CT dose representing approximately 80% of the PET dose. In our study, the average effective dose in CT thorax/abdomen/pelvis was 21.4 mSv, 60% higher than the PET/CT effective dose.  相似文献   
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