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排序方式: 共有1434条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Justin C. Luong Patrick L. Turner Celina N. Phillipson Katja C. Seltmann 《Ecological Entomology》2019,44(4):471-479
1. It is hypothesised that ecological restoration in grasslands can induce an alternative stable state shift in vegetation. The change in vegetation influences insect community assemblages and allows for greater functional redundancy in pollination and refuge for native insect species. 2. Insect community assemblages at eight coastal California grassland sites were evaluated. Half of these sites had undergone restoration through active revegetation of native grassland flora and half were non‐restored. Insects were collected from Lupinus bicolor (Fabaceae) within 2 × 2‐m2 plots in spring 2017. Lupinus bicolor is a common native species that is used in California restoration projects, and home and state landscaping projects. 3. Ordination demonstrated that insect community assemblages were different between restored and non‐restored sites. These differences were seen in insect functional groups as well as taxa‐specific differences and were found to be driven by environmental characteristics such as non‐native forb cover. 4. Functional redundancy of herbivores decreased at restored sites, while pollinators became more redundant compared with non‐restored sites. The assemblages of the common species found at restoration sites contained more native insects than those found at non‐restored sites, including species such as Bombus vosnesenskii. 5. Local grassland restoration has the potential to induce an alternative stable state change and affect insect community assemblages. Additionally, it was found that grassland restoration can be a potential conservation tool to provide refugia for bumblebees (Bombus), but additional studies are required to fully understand its broader applicability. 相似文献
2.
Despite similar ecology, mating systems and female preferences for supernormal tails, the 17 species of African widowbirds and bishops (Euplectes spp.) show astonishing variation in male tail ornamentation. Whereas bishops retain their brown nonbreeding tails in nuptial plumage, widowbirds grow black nuptial tails, varying in length from a few centimetres in E. axillaris to the extreme half metre train of E. progne. Here, we phylogenetically reconstruct the evolution of the discrete trait, nuptial tail and the continuous trait, tail length, using a molecular phylogeny of 33 Euplectes subspecies. Unlike many recent findings of labile evolution of plumage ornaments, our results suggest that the nuptial tail of Euplectes is a derived and phylogenetically conserved ornamental trait that, once gained, shows directional evolution in its expression. Directionality is demonstrated in the trivial sense of a short‐tailed ancestor, and by contingency and randomization tests suggesting that branches with increasing tail length are overrepresented. This supports an early origin and strong retention of directional female mate choice in widowbirds and bishops, as previously indicated by empirical and experimental results, and provides a less labile, yet rapid scenario of sexually selected diversification. 相似文献
3.
Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimate the effect of peers’ alcohol consumption and alcohol prices on the drinking habits of high-school-age youth. We use the two-stage residual inclusion method to account for the endogeneity of peer drinking in nonlinear models. For our sample of high school students, we find that peer effects are statistically and economically significant regarding the choice to participate in drinking but are not significant for the frequency of drinking, including binge drinking. Regarding alcohol prices, even though we have good price variation in our sample, alcohol prices are not found to be significant. The results are important for policymakers who are considering policies to reduce underage drinking, as we conclude that no significant impact on underage drinking will result from low-tax states’ increasing excise taxes on alcohol so they are similar to those of high-tax states. Policymakers may choose to focus instead on the influence of peers and changing the social norm behavior. 相似文献
4.
A. S. Davydov 《Journal of biological physics》1991,18(2):111-125
The lifetime of Davydov solitons in a one-dimensional system is studied theoretically. The process of thermalization and the properties of solitons at finite temperature are investigated and the processes of soliton creation and disintegration are discussed. 相似文献
5.
C. VILLARREAL M. H. RODRIGUEZ D. N. BOWN J. I. ARREDONDO-JIMÉNEZ 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1995,9(2):187-194
Abstract. Village-scale trials were carried out in southern Mexico to compare the efficacy of indoor-spraying of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin applied either as low-volume (LV) aqueous emulsion or as wettable-powder (WP) aqueous suspension for residual control of the principal coastal malaria vector Anopheles albimanus. Three indoor spray rounds were conducted at 3-month intervals using back-pack mist-blowers to apply lambda-cyhalothrin 12.5 mg a.i./m2 by LV, whereas the WP was applied by conventional compression sprayer at a mean rate of 26.5 mg a.i./m2 .
Both treatments caused mosquito mortality indoors and outdoors (collected inside house curtains) as a result of contact with treated surfaces before and after feeding, but had no significant impact on overall population density of An. albimanus resting indoors or assessed by human bait collections. Contact bioassays showed that WP and LV treatments with lambda-cyhalothrin were effective for 12–20 weeks (>75% mortality) without causing excito-repellency.
Compared to the WP treatment (8 houses/man/day), LV treatment (25 houses/man/day) was more than 3 times quicker per house, potentially saving 68% of labour costs. This is offset, however, by the much lower unit price of a compression sprayer (e.g. Hudson 'X-pert' at US120) than a mist-blower (e.g. 'Super Jolly' at US350), and higher running costs for LV applications. It was calculated, therefore, that LV becomes more economical than WP after 18.8 treatments/100 houses/10 men at equivalent rates of application, or after 7.6 spray rounds with half-rate LV applications. 相似文献
Both treatments caused mosquito mortality indoors and outdoors (collected inside house curtains) as a result of contact with treated surfaces before and after feeding, but had no significant impact on overall population density of An. albimanus resting indoors or assessed by human bait collections. Contact bioassays showed that WP and LV treatments with lambda-cyhalothrin were effective for 12–20 weeks (>75% mortality) without causing excito-repellency.
Compared to the WP treatment (8 houses/man/day), LV treatment (25 houses/man/day) was more than 3 times quicker per house, potentially saving 68% of labour costs. This is offset, however, by the much lower unit price of a compression sprayer (e.g. Hudson 'X-pert' at US120) than a mist-blower (e.g. 'Super Jolly' at US350), and higher running costs for LV applications. It was calculated, therefore, that LV becomes more economical than WP after 18.8 treatments/100 houses/10 men at equivalent rates of application, or after 7.6 spray rounds with half-rate LV applications. 相似文献
6.
Tests for change-points with epidemic alternatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
7.
Barry M. Gordon 《Biological trace element research》1987,12(1):153-159
Information concerning the chemical state of trace elements in biological systems generally has not been available. Such information
for toxic elements and metals in metalloproteins could prove extremely valuable in the elucidation of their metabolism and
other biological processes. The shielding of core electrons by binding electrons affect the energy required for creating inner-shell
holes. Furthermore, the molecular binding and symmetry of the local environment of an atom affect the absorption spectrum
in the neighborhood of the absorption edge. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) using synchrotron radiation excitation
can be used to provide chemical speciation information for trace elements at concentrations as low as 10 ppm. The structure
and position of the absorption curve in the region of an edge can yield vital data about the local structure and oxidation
state of the trace element in question. Data are most easily interpreted by comparing the observed edge structure and position
with those of model compounds of the element covering the entire range of possible oxidation states. Examples of such analyses
will be reviewed. 相似文献
8.
Subconductance states of single sodium channels modified by chloramine-T and sea anemone toxin in neuroblastoma cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
K. Nagy 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》1987,15(3):129-132
Single channel currents of chloramine-T (Chl-T) and sea anemone toxin (ATX-II) modified sodium channels were studied in neuroblastoma cells. With both substances similar subconductance states have been observed. The conductances of the sublevels were multiples of the unit step which was about onefourth of the most frequently occurring main conductance. Thus, the current levels observed were one fourth, half and five-fourths of the main current size. Both substances caused a slower decay of the averaged current compared to the current of the native channels. The main single-channel conductance was 15.2 pS (T=16°C) for the Chl-T and 10.8 pS (T=12°C) for the ATX-II modified channels. The channel open time was doubled by ATX-II, but was not increased significantly by Chl-T. The existence of the subconductance states suggests that the native channels may also have multiple open conformations. 相似文献
9.
In vivo effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthetic oxygen evolution was investigated in barley chloroplasts. The most important kinetic parameters of O2-producing reactions were changed. The results show inhibition of the O2-flash yields at ABA concentrations of 10 mol/l and 100 mol/l and an increase in the degree of damping of the oscillations. ABA has a marked effect on the distribution of the oxygenevolving centers in S0 and S1 states and on sum of the centers (S0+S1) estimated according to the Kok model. In addition, the amplitude and the shape of the initial oxygen burst under continuous illumination are also significantly altered. At a concentration of 100 mol/l, ABA strongly inhibits Hill reaction activity measured by DCPIP reduction. The results cannot be explained by the hypothesis of socalled stomata effect. On the other hand, no effects were observed on the investigated parameters in experiments involving ABA applied in vitro to isolated chloroplasts. It is hypothesized that ABA disrupts the granal chloroplasts structure and raises the degree of participation of the cooperative mechanism of O2-evolution connected with the functioning of PS II centers in the stroma situated thylakoids.Abbreviations DCPIP
2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenil)-1,1-dimethylurea
- HEPES
N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid
- PSII
photosystem II
- RubisCO
Ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase 相似文献
10.
Sulfonylurea herbicides are potent inhibitors of plant growth and are extremely active against a wide spectrum of weeds. They are used at very low rates (10–50 g ai/ha) and cause rapid inhibition of root and shoot growth of young plants. Routine chemical assays for detecting low levels of these compounds are difficult and there is need to develop sensitive bioassay methods for detecting their extremely low residue levels in the soil.This paper describes a simple pot bioassay method with a self watering system using turnip (Brassica rapa) seedlings as test plants for quantitative determination of sulfonylurea herbicides. Results are presented with six of these compounds whose activity was investigated in widely differing substrates. The potential availability to plants was calculated from the dose-response curves in different substrates. The dose-response relationship has been described by a specifically developed computer model. Details are also given of a direct seeded bioassay method with controlled watering system using several test species for detection of sulfonylurea herbicides. The potential uses and practical applications of both techniques are discussed. 相似文献