北部湾茅尾海无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量反演——基于XGBoost机器学习算法

无瓣海桑是广西从自治区外引进的外来红树林树种,采用定量化算法精确估算无瓣海桑地上生物量对红树林生态修复以及海洋蓝碳监测提供经验和方法。论文以广西茅尾海自然保护区无瓣海桑红树林为研究对象,以野外实测无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量数据和Sentinel-1/2卫星提取的后向散射数据、波段数据、植被指数数据和纹理指数数据为数据源,通过分析各遥感因子与实测红树林地上生物量之间的重要性关系,采用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)机器学习算法对比了不同的变量组合对模型精度的影响,最后基于优选的变量组合反演了无瓣海桑红树林的地上生物量。结果表明：(1)研究区无瓣海桑红树林实测树高范围为1.55—13.58m,平均值为8.37m,胸径范围为0.7—41cm,平均值为15.62cm;(2)通过XGBoost算法优选的21个特征变量组合模型拟合效果较好,其模型在测试阶段R²=0.7237,RMSE=21.70Mg/hm²。XGBoost算法反演研究区无瓣海桑地上生物量介于19.14—138.46Mg/hm²之间,平均值为51.92Mg/hm^...     

海桑和无瓣海桑叶片结构的比较研究

为了探讨外来植物无瓣海桑的潜在危害,采用石蜡切片法对海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris Engl.)、无瓣海桑(S.apetala B.Ham)叶片进行了解剖学研究。实验结果显示,两种植物的叶片均为等面叶;中脉维管束为周韧维管束;具4级侧脉,第1级侧脉为半周韧维管束;成熟叶片叶肉组织具发达的贮水薄壁细胞,具含单宁成分的薄壁细胞,具晶体细胞和石细胞;盐腺由表皮细胞发育而成,可分为3个发育阶段。作为外来植物的无瓣海桑,其中脉维管束具微弱形成层,叶脉维管组织比海桑更发达;贮藏组织中含单宁细胞、晶体细胞较多;栅栏组织含叶绿体多于海桑等特点,使其比海桑对环境具有更大的适应性。因此,无瓣海桑有可能成为入侵植物。     

喀斯特峰丛洼地植被不同演替阶段土壤磷酸酶活性

以桂西北典型喀斯特峰丛洼地为试验对象,研究了4个不同植被演替阶段土壤碱性磷酸酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤磷酸酶活性随演替阶段和土层深度变化显著;随坡位变化不显著。不同演替阶段土壤磷酸酶活性表现为原生林次生林≈乔灌林草地;磷酸酶活性随土壤深度的增加而降低,且各层次之间差异显著。相关分析表明:磷酸酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH值、粉砂、砂粒含量存在显著的正相关;与土壤全钾、容重、粘粒含量呈负相关。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明:演替阶段和裸岩率对土壤磷酸酶活性影响很大;坡位、坡度和坡向也有一定影响。     

A male sterility-associated mitochondrial protein in wild beets causes pollen disruption in transgenic plants

In higher plants, male reproductive (pollen) development is known to be disrupted in a class of mitochondrial mutants termed cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) mutants. Despite the increase in knowledge regarding CMS-encoding genes and their expression, definitive evidence that CMS-associated proteins actually cause pollen disruption is not yet available in most cases. Here we compare the translation products of mitochondria between the normal fertile cytoplasm and the male-sterile I-12CMS(3) cytoplasm derived from wild beets. The results show a unique 12 kDa polypeptide that is present in the I-12CMS(3) mitochondria but is not detectable among the translation products of normal mitochondria. We also found that a mitochondrial open reading frame (named orf129 ) was uniquely transcribed in I-12CMS(3) and is large enough to encode the novel 12 kDa polypeptide. Antibodies against a GST–ORF129 fusion protein were raised to establish that this 12 kDa polypeptide is the product of orf129. ORF129 was shown to accumulate in flower mitochondria as well as in root and leaf mitochondria. As for the CMS-associated protein (PCF protein) in petunia, ORF129 is primarily present in the matrix and is loosely associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The orf129 sequence was fused to a mitochondrial targeting pre-sequence, placed under the control of the Arabidopsis apetala3 promoter, and introduced into the tobacco nuclear genome. Transgenic expression of ORF129 resulted in male sterility, which provides clear supporting evidence that ORF129 is responsible for the male-sterile phenotype in sugar beet with wild beet cytoplasm.     

海桑属(Sonneratia)植物的木材结构及其系统演化意义

研究了海桑科海桑属(Sonnerotia)6种植物的木材结构特征,并与同科的八宝树属(Duabanga)、千屈菜科的紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)植物的木材结构进行比较。结果表明：1.射线高度和射线宽度可作为卵叶海桑区别于其它种类的鉴定特征或辅助特征;2．海桑属形成一单系的类群,并与紫薇属有更近的亲缘关系,而与同科的八宝树属的亲缘关系更远;3．导管数量特征的聚类分析可以推测海桑属植物沿两支进化,一支进化为水分输导效率高的种类(即导管直径宽和输导面积大,管孔密度小,如海桑和拟海桑),另一支进化为水分输导安全性高的种类(即导管直径窄、输导面积小,管孔密度大,如杯萼海桑、卵叶海桑、无瓣海桑、海南海桑)。     

K-Box Sequence of the Apetala1-Class MADS-Box Genes in Hexaploid Wheat

Direct amplification of genomic DNA from four wheat species produced DNA fragments corresponding to the K-box sequence of the apetala1/squamosa class of the MADS-box genes. Exons 3 to 5 were highly conserved within the tribe Triticeae and very similar to the apetala1 genes of darnel ryegrass, rice, and maize. Most of the variations observed were due to synonymous substitutions: the deduced amino acid sequences were 89–99% similar within the Triticeae and 88–94% within the entire family Poaceae. Introns 3 and 4 of the apetala1 class genes were similar in wheat and rye and differed from those in other MADS-box genes presently known.     

A New Species of Holboellia from Gansu

One new species of Holboellia (Lardizabalaceae) is described from Gansu Province, China. It is Holboellia apetala Q. Xia, J. Z. Suen et Z. X. Peng.     

Notes on the Genus Sonneratia (Sonneratiaceae) in S. E. Asia

Sonneratia, a small genus of Sonneratiaceae, is widely distributed throughout SE. Asia, E. Africa and N. Australia, extending from 18˚S. to 20˚N. and from 45˚ to 150˚E. In China it occurs only in the Hainan Island. In this paper, two new sections areproposed and six species are recognized, of which one is described as new.     

Restoration of mangrove plantations and colonisation by native species in Leizhou bay,South China

To examine the natural colonisation of native mangrove species into remediated exotic mangrove stands in Leizhou Bay, South China, we compared soil physical–chemical properties, community structure and recruitments of barren mangrove areas, native mangrove species plantations, and exotic mangrove species—Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham—between plantations and natural forest. We found that severely degraded mangrove stands could not regenerate naturally without human intervention due to severely altered local environments, whereas some native species had been recruited into the 4–10 year S. apetala plantations. In the first 10 years, the exotic species S. apetala grew better than native species such as Rhizophora stylosa Griff and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce. The mangrove plantation gradually affected soil physical and chemical properties during its recovery. The exotic S. apetala was more competitive than native species and its plantation was able to restore soil organic matter in about 14 years. Thus, S. apetala can be considered as a pioneer species to improve degraded habitats to facilitate recolonisation by native mangrove species. However, removal to control proliferation may be needed at late stages to facilitate growth of native species. To ensure sustainability of mangroves in South China, the existing mangrove wetlands must be managed as an ecosystem, with long-term scientific monitoring program in place.