A rapid method for the determination of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens within diseased specimens

A technique was developed, which permitted the rapid determination of antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens in diseased material. The method involved use of an antibody-based antigen capturing system, exposure to antibiotic solutions, and thence the determination of viability by reduction of thiazolyl blue.     

重症肺炎新生儿支气管肺泡灌洗液病原菌分布及耐药性

目的 研究重症肺炎新生儿支气管肺泡灌洗液的病原菌分布和耐药性。方法 选择2016年4月至2018年4月在本院呼吸科治疗的新生儿268例,其中符合重症肺炎诊断标准的患儿142例,归为重症肺炎组;不符合重症肺炎诊断标准的患儿126例,归为对照组。检测患儿肺泡灌洗液病原菌分布情况和耐药情况。结果 重症肺炎组患儿肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、草绿链球菌检出率明显高于对照组。肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南,美罗培南的耐药性为0.0%,大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南,美罗培南,阿米卡星的耐药性为0.0%,阴沟肠杆菌对亚胺培南,美罗培南,左氧氟沙星的耐药性为0.0%,肺炎链球菌对万古霉素的耐药性为0.0%,金黄葡萄球菌对万古霉素的耐药性为0.0%。结论 新生儿重症肺炎患者病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,亚胺培南、美罗培南、万古霉素可以用于治疗新生儿重症肺炎,但由于其毒副作用较大,应严格把握适应症。     

《免疫学基础与病原生物学》移动交互式数字教材在“抗疫”时期在线教学中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发以来,全国各级各类学校延期开学,但停课不停教、停课不停学。各学校教师利用各种网络资源开展在线教学,也为深入挖掘"互联网+教育"教学新模式带来了契机。本文以《免疫学基础与病原生物学》移动交互式数字教材(云教材)应用为例,介绍如何应用移动交互式数字教材创设合理的学习情境,从而实现交互式学习,提升线上学习教学效果。     

颅内感染患者细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析神经外科颅内感染感染患者细菌的分布及其耐药性,指导合理应用抗生素及感染管理。方法回顾分析2009年至2010年神经外科颅内感染患者的细菌分离株及耐药性。结果细菌共92株,革兰阳性球菌40株,革兰阴性杆菌52株;排前6位的病原菌分别是鲍曼不动杆菌(15.22%)、表皮葡萄球菌(13.04%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(10.87%)、铜绿假单胞菌(10.87%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(8.7%)和粘质沙雷菌(8.7%)。结论神经外科颅内感染中革兰阴性菌与阳性菌比例相当,多重耐药性比例高;依据细菌及耐药性监测结果指导抗生素的合理应用,是治疗颅内感染的重要手段。     

MicroPhenoDB Associates Metagenomic Datawith Pathogenic Microbes,Microbial Core Genes,and Human Disease Phenotypes

Microbes play important roles in human health and disease. The interaction between microbes and hosts is a reciprocal relationship, which remains largely under-explored. Current computational resources lack manually and consistently curated data to connect metagenomic data to pathogenic microbes, microbial core genes, and disease phenotypes. We developed the MicroPhenoDB database by manually curating and consistently integrating microbe-disease association data. MicroPhenoDB provides 5677 non-redundant associations between 1781 microbes and 542 human disease phenotypes across more than 22 human body sites. MicroPhenoDB also provides 696,934 relationships between 27,277 unique clade-specific core genes and 685 microbes. Disease phenotypes are classified and described using the Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO). A refined score model was developed to prioritize the associations based on evidential metrics. The sequence search option in MicroPhenoDB enables rapid identification of existing pathogenic microbes in samples without running the usual metagenomic data processing and assembly. MicroPhenoDB offers data browsing, searching, and visualization through user-friendly web interfaces and web service application programming interfaces. MicroPhenoDB is the first database platform to detail the relationships between pathogenic microbes, core genes, and disease phenotypes. It will accelerate metagenomic data analysis and assist studies in decoding microbes related to human diseases. MicroPhenoDB is available through http://www.liwzlab.cn/microphenodb and http://lilab2.sysu.edu.cn/microphenodb.     

Factors influencing in the response of <i>Schizolobium parahybum</i> (Vell) Blake to <i>Ceratocystis paradoxa</i> and <i>C. moniliformis</i>

In the Ecuadorian coast one of the most destructive diseases of the pachaco is vascular wilt or stem rot caused by Ceratocystis complex, so the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the efficiency of the reaction of bark pachaco to this disease. This research was conducted under laboratory conditions, using trees pachaco S38, S41, S98, AE-1, AE-2 and AE-3, and pathogenic species Ceratocystis paradoxa and C. moniliformis. The method utilized was tissue stem bark,with bark sections with 4.5 cm², and a suspension of 3x10⁴ units infection and remained in a humid chamber for 96 hours at 25 ± 5 °C. Were determined grades of resistance/ susceptibility using a scale from 0 to 4, depending on the amount of mycelia and peritecio in each plant sample. Three factors were used: four colonies obtained by several transfers from each fungal specie, four ages of colonies of each fungal specie and four volumes of inoculum applied (units of infection), using for each experiment separately Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications factorial arrangement. For comparison between treatment means was used Tukey test at 5% probability of error. For future trials using this technique, you could use 30-day colonies for C. paradoxa and 40 days for C. moniliformis, and an application volume of 100 μL/cm², it would improve the level of response for the formation of perithecium and mycelia in samples cortex.     

An evolutionary perspective on pathogenic mtDNA mutations: haplogroup associations of clinical disorders

More than 75 human diseases have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and many of these are directly caused by overtly pathogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). In addition, there have been a number of reports that posit a different, subtler role for mtDNA substitutions in the disease process. As we review here, mtDNA evolution has resulted in the distribution of sequences into continent-specific haplogroups, which are defined by a relatively small number of polymorphisms. Thus, mtDNA sequences can be assigned to European, African, or Asian/Native American haplogroups. There are numerous reports that various diseases are haplogroup-associated, and it has been suggested that some of these haplogroup-associated polymorphisms act as risk factors in these disorders. It has also been suggested that there are haplogroup-associations for aging. As we note here, however, such associations have usually been observed only in single studies and it is difficult to draw broad conclusions on the basis of the available evidence. At a minimum, we suggest that, a haplogroup-group association must be detected in multiple subpopulations or in a large, carefully controlled population survey.     

Crystal Structures of Trypanosomal Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase Illuminate Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Homologs

Crystal structures of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) from the eukaryotic parasites Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi provide a first structural view of a eukaryotic form of this enzyme and reveal differences from bacterial homologs. HisRSs in general contain an extra domain inserted between conserved motifs 2 and 3 of the Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic core. The current structures show that the three-dimensional topology of this domain is very different in bacterial and archaeal/eukaryotic forms of the enzyme. Comparison of apo and histidine-bound trypanosomal structures indicates substantial active-site rearrangement upon histidine binding but relatively little subsequent rearrangement after reaction of histidine with ATP to form the enzyme's first reaction product, histidyladenylate. The specific residues involved in forming the binding pocket for the adenine moiety differ substantially both from the previously characterized binding site in bacterial structures and from the homologous residues in human HisRSs. The essentiality of the single HisRS gene in T. brucei is shown by a severe depression of parasite growth rate that results from even partial suppression of expression by RNA interference.     

急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药菌分布特征及心肌酶谱指标与炎性因子的关系分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药菌分布特征及炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标的关系。方法:选择2015年2月~2018年10月期间中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第940医院收治的67例急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者作为感染组,选取同期收治的60例单纯急性心肌梗死患者作为未感染组,分析感染组多药耐药菌的分布及其耐药性,比较两组炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标水平,采用Pearson相关性分析感染组患者炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标的相关性。结果:67例患者痰培养标本中共分离出136株病原菌,其中有64株属于多药耐药菌,多药耐药菌中革兰阴性菌38株,占59.37%,革兰阳性菌26株,占40.63%。其中主要革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、美罗培南、亚胺培南等较为敏感,主要革兰阳性菌对替考拉宁、万古霉素、利福平等较为敏感。感染组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)水平均高于未感染组患者(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得,感染组患者血清IL-6、Ang-2、TNF-α水平与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者心肌酶谱与炎性因子水平关系密切,有助于判断患者病情严重程度,且急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药现象较为严重,临床应针对病原菌合理选取抗菌药物。