三台核桃结实特性研究

选择标准株 70株 ,其中有草果核桃 ( cv.Zaogu)、大油笼核桃 ( cv.Dayoulong)、早熟核桃 ( cv.Zaoshu)、小油笼核桃 ( cv. Xiaoyoulong)、荚绵核桃 ( cv. Jiamian) 5个品种。据对不同品种、海拔、年龄的结实特性研究 ,结果表明 :草果核桃是优良的栽培品种 ,早熟核桃结实性状表现最差 ,果枝粗是影响座果率最重要的因素。     

胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的考察胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞Hela、K562的抑制作用和相关机制。方法用MTT方法分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞增殖的影响。采用端粒酶PCR ELISA试剂盒分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞端粒酶的影响。结果 Hela细胞24、48和72 h的LD50分别为406.18μg/mL、319.48μg/mL和112.84μg/mL。K562细胞24 h LD50为154.50μg/mL。HLF细胞LD50为918.69μg/mL。胡桃楸提取液可抑制Hela细胞和K562细胞的端粒酶活性,而对HLF细胞端粒酶活性影响不大。结论胡桃楸提取液对Hela细胞、K562细胞有抑制作用,在低浓度下对HLF细胞杀伤不大。对肿瘤细胞抑制作用可能与抑制端粒酶活性相关。     

五种荒漠灌木群落土壤有机碳垂直分布及其与根系分布的关系

研究土壤有机碳与根系分布之间关系对评估碳储量和固碳潜力具有重要意义,而我国荒漠区灌木群落土壤有机碳与植物根系之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究选取深根性表层型灌木(表层根系生物量最大)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendro)和中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)、深根性非表层型(表层根系生物量不是最大)灌木白刺(Nitratia tangutorum)、浅根性表层型灌木红砂(Reaumuria songarica)及浅根性非表层型灌木霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)为优势种的5种荒漠灌木群落为研究对象,测定100 cm深度内不同层次根系生物量及土壤有机碳含量,探讨灌木群落土壤有机碳的垂直分布格局及其与根系之间的关系。结果显示:(1)0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度与群落0~20 cm根系生物量碳密度显著正相关,与其他层次或累积深度不显著相关;(2)梭梭群落0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度显著低于与其他4个群落(P0.01),其他4个群落无显著差异(P0.05);(3)优势种为表层型的梭梭、中间锦鸡儿和红砂群落土壤有机碳密度与群落及优势种根系变化趋势一致,优势种为浅根性非表层型的霸王群落仅表层40 cm土壤有机碳与优势种灌木根系分布规律一致,优势种为深根性非表层型的白刺群落土壤有机碳与优势种根系分布规律一致。本研究表明,荒漠灌木群落0~100 cm土壤有机碳储量与群落0~20 cm根系生物量显著相关,群落优势种根系分布类型是影响土壤有机碳垂直分布格局的重要因素。     

铁核桃根与叶水浸提液对果园间作绿肥植物的化感作用及其生理机制

以西南地区具有代表性的16种绿肥植物为受体材料,采用培养皿药膜法研究了铁核桃(Juglans sigillata)根水浸提液对受体种子发芽率及幼苗鲜重、干重的化感效应;并进一步研究了铁核桃根、叶水浸提液和胡桃醌对化感效应存在明显差异的4种绿肥植物(绿豆、红三叶、白三叶、花生)种子萌发与幼苗生长以及抗氧化酶特性的影响,以筛选适宜中国西南地区核桃园种植的绿肥植物,探讨核桃根和凋落物对绿肥作物的化感作用机制。结果表明:(1)铁核桃根水浸提液对绿豆的发芽率没有影响,但对绿豆幼苗鲜重和干重有显著抑制作用,而对其他15种绿肥的发芽率和鲜重、干重均有抑制作用。(2)胡桃醌显著抑制绿豆种子萌发,而铁核桃根或叶水浸提液对绿豆种子萌发没有影响。(3)铁核桃根或叶水浸提液以及胡桃醌对绿肥植物幼苗生长的化感效应趋势一致,但核桃根或叶水浸提液的化感效应强于胡桃醌。(4)绿豆幼苗在铁核桃根或叶水浸提液以及胡桃醌处理下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性均高于其他3种(红三叶、白三叶、花生)受体幼苗,表明绿豆清除活性氧能力高,细胞受损害程度较低,受化感作用影响最弱。研究认为,绿豆为适宜中国西南地区幼龄核桃园种植的间作绿肥植物。     

The timing of leaf fall affects cold acclimation by interactions with air temperature through water and carbohydrate contents

Three parameters (i.e. the water content, soluble sugar content and minimal air temperature) can be used to predict the cold acclimation process of walnut trees. In order to test this assumption, two-year-old walnuts were defoliated at two different dates, i.e. mechanical defoliation in early October (early leaf fall, EF) or natural defoliation in early November (natural leaf fall, NF) and conditioned in either outdoor freeze-deprived or cold-deprived (T_min > 13 °C) greenhouses over winter. Even if early defoliation date could have affected short day signal perception (SDSP), water balance and carbohydrate metabolism were more altered. EF treatment, by stopping transpiration, significantly increased tree's water content and at warm temperature high root activity stopped normal winter dehydration. Starch content decreased in all treatments, but there was only a significant increase in soluble sugar content when water content had sufficiently decreased. Thus, depending on date of defoliation, cold-deprived trees were or were not able to acclimate to frost (minimal frost hardiness = −21.8 °C vs. −22.1 °C in controls (freeze-deprived) for NF and −13.7 °C vs. −25.3 °C in controls for EF). Different treatments showed the relationship between minimal water content observed during winter and maximal soluble sugars synthesized. Thus, the cold acclimation process appeared dependent on these physiological parameters (water and soluble sugar contents) through the interaction between air temperature and timing of leaf fall.     

不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系

以新疆天山南坡的巴音布鲁克高寒草地为对象, 研究了不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量的变化及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 随着海拔的升高, 高寒草原、高寒草原化草甸和高寒草甸的地下生物量逐渐增大, 二者呈极显著正相关( P<0.01 ).地下生物量从表层至底层逐渐递减,呈“T”形分布.高寒草原、高寒草原化草甸和高寒草甸0～10 cm土层的地下生物量分别占总地下生物量的68.1%、84.1%和86.7%.地下生物量与大气温度呈极显著负相关, 与相对湿度和土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01 ), 而与有机质、速效氮和pH等无显著相关.     

Root growth dynamics linked to above-ground growth in walnut (Juglans regia)

Background and Aims Examination of plant growth below ground is relatively scant compared with that above ground, and is needed to understand whole-plant responses to the environment. This study examines whether the seasonal timing of fine root growth and the spatial distribution of this growth through the soil profile varies in response to canopy manipulation and soil temperature.Methods Plasticity in the seasonal timing and vertical distribution of root production in response to canopy and soil water manipulation was analysed in field-grown walnut (Juglans regia ‘Chandler’) using minirhizotron techniques.Key Results Root production in walnuts followed a unimodal curve, with one marked flush of root growth starting in mid-May, with a peak in mid-June. Root production declined later in the season, corresponding to increased soil temperature, as well as to the period of major carbohydrate allocation to reproduction. Canopy and soil moisture manipulation did not influence the timing of root production, but did influence the vertical distribution of roots through the soil profile. Water deficit appeared to promote root production in deeper soil layers for mining soil water. Canopy removal appeared to promote shallow root production.Conclusions The findings of this study add to growing evidence that root growth in many ecosystems follows a unimodal curve with one marked flush of root growth in coordination with the initial leaf flush of the season. Root vertical distribution appeared to have greater plasticity than timing of root production in this system, with temperature and/or carbohydrate competition constraining the timing of root growth. Effects on root distribution can have serious impacts on trees, with shallow rooting having negative impacts in years with limited soil water or positive impacts in years with wet springs, and deep rooting having positive impacts on soil water mining from deeper soil layers but negative impacts in years with wet springs.     

光环境对胡桃楸幼苗生长与光合作用的影响

为了解胡桃楸幼苗对光的需求及适应规律,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统研究了不同光环境处理（100%、60%、30％和15%自然光）条件下3年生胡桃楸幼苗（适应1年后）叶片光合能力的季节变化及其对光强的响应.结果表明：在春季,胡桃楸幼苗对光反应不敏感,夏季和秋季随着光强的增加,叶片的最大光合速率、最大羧化速率和最大电子传递速率均显著增加（P<0.05）.光饱和点随光强的下降而降低（P<0.05）,表观量子效率、暗呼吸速率和光补偿点在不同光环境下未发现显著差异.100%和60%自然光处理的幼苗相对生长率差异不显著,但是随着光强下降,相对生长率显著下降（P<0.05）,为60%>30％>15%自然光处理.胡桃楸幼苗对不同的光环境表现出较强的适应性和可塑性;同时,通过降低光饱和点和减少碳积累,也能适应15%～30％自然光环境.