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The color pattern (two areas on each of 20 transverse bands along the dorsal surface of the body) in two reindeer oestrids, Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe (Diptera: Oestridae), was analyzed and compared with that of different bumblebee species found in an oestrid study area in northern Norway. A clustering analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis of the resulting matrix of pairwise similarity coefficients indicated that Bombus lapponicus, B. alpinus, and B. monticola (Hymenoptera: Bombinae) comprise a Mullerian guild whose members serve as Batesian models for H. tarandi, and that B. pratorum, B. jonellus, and B. lucorum comprise a Mullerian guild whose members may serve as Batesian models for C. trompe. The oestrid mimics also resemble their models in size. 相似文献
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D. Martín‐Vega B. Clark L. M. Ferrer S. Lpez‐Tamayo R. Panadero R. Cepeda‐Palacios D. D. Colwell M. J. R. Hall 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2021,35(1):106-120
Oestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) do not feed during the adult stage, so they depend on an efficient assimilation and storage of nutrients during their parasitic larval stage. We describe the general morphology and provide volumetric data for the digestive and excretory organs of the three larval instars of the nasal bot fly Oestrus ovis L., using micro‐computed tomography. The size of the digestive and excretory organs greatly increased across larval instars. In all instars, the two salivary glands were remarkably large and formed a ‘glandular band’ by coming together, but without lumina uniting, at their posterior ends. The distal region of the anterior Malpighian tubules was greatly enlarged and full of highly radio‐opaque concretions. Moreover, the anatomy of O. ovis third‐instar larva was compared to that of two species of, respectively, similar and different feeding habits: Cephenemyia stimulator (Clark) and Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. Whereas the general morphology and arrangement of the digestive and excretory systems of C. stimulator was similar to that of O. ovis, some differences were observed in H. actaeon: a swollen anterior region of the midgut, salivary glands shorter and not forming a ‘band’ and anterior Malpighian tubules narrowly uniform throughout their entire length. 相似文献
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Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi L. (Diptera: Oestridae) is characterized by a mating strategy in which both sexes meet and mate at two types of distinct topographical landmarks. In the expansive, treeless vidda (= tundra-like) biome, mating places are unique, rocky areas located along rivers and streams or in rocky areas of drying river and stream beds. In wooded valleys below the vidda, flies mated at certain topographical areas along dirt road tracks/paths. Thermoregulatory activities of males occupying perches at mating places included selection of substratum at perch site, orientation of body to sun's rays, crouching, stilting, and flights into upper cooler air. On warm sunny days males perched for just 1–2 min before flying up into cooler air to promote cooling. Laboratory and field studies revealed that flies could not metabolically cool down when held at 25–38°C. Time spent at mating places depended on temperature, duration of sunshine, and wind velocity. Males were very aggressive in pursuing allHypoderma-sized objects that passed by them or that landed near them, but they did not defend specific perch sites. Males either pursued and caught females in flight, or they hopped onto females that landed near them. During 5 years, 74 males and 14 females were seen at mating places. Dissection of six females caught at mating places revealed them to be recently eclosed flies full of fat body and with all eggs intact; two not paired with males were non-inseminated. Three experimentally paired females remainedin copulo for 10, 13, and 19.5 min. 相似文献
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We describe a case of human oral myiasis by a first-stage larva of the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma (Oedemagena) tarandi (L.) (Diptera: Oestridae), in a 12-year-old girl. In September the patient complained of erythema, swelling and conjunctivitis of the right eyelid. Symptoms subsided spontaneously but re-occurred in October. In December she presented with acute swelling of the right corner of the mouth. Later that day a living larva protruded from this swelling. The patient had been on vacation in Norway during the previous summer months. 相似文献
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Use of climatic data to assess the effect of insect harassment on the autumn weight of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) calves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Considerable behavioural evidence supports harassment by insects as the most important causal link between warm summer temperatures and low body condition of reindeer Rangifer tarandus , and that insect activity is influenced by weather condition. However, much less is known about the effect of insect harassment on individual performance, measured as reduced weight gain during summer, and the related consequences on both the reindeer pastoral economy and reindeer as a biological resource. Using climatic data, this paper develops a simple index for the analysis of insect harassment that takes into consideration weather variables known to significantly affect insect activity and/or the level of insect harassment. The insect harassment index, which is based on mid-day ambient temperature ≥13 °C, wind speed <6 m/s and cloud cover <40%, is further used to test the hypothesis that insect harassment has a negative effect on reindeer performance during summer in three Norwegian populations. Results show that harassment by insects negatively affects the autumn weight of reindeer calves, most probably through reduced grazing time and increased energy expenditure, but also indirectly by negatively influencing milk production of the dam. Moreover, female calves were more vulnerable to insect harassment than males. Insect harassment may have consequences on future reproductive performance, calving time, calf birth weight and hence neonatal mortality, and thus affect reindeer productivity. The presented index is easy to estimate and may be used to quantify and compare harassment levels on various reindeer summer grazing areas for management purposes. Our results also suggest that the expected temperature increase in the course of global warming may increase the insect-related stress on reindeer. 相似文献
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R. PANADERO C. MARTÍNEZ‐CARRASCO L. LEÓN‐VIZCAÍNO C. LÓPEZ P. DÍEZ‐BAÑOS M. P. MORRONDO F. ALONSO 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2010,24(4):418-424
During the 2003–2005 hunting seasons, a total of 120 Cervidae, including 39 red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and 81 fallow deer (Dama dama), were examined for subcutaneous myiasis. Animals were shot from January to June in southern Spain. Specific antibodies against Hypodermatinae (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected by indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using a crude larval extract (CLE) and a purified antigen [hypodermin C (HC)] obtained from first instars of Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae). Hypoderma actaeon Brauer was the only species detected in this study, which represents the first confirmation of this species in fallow deer from Spain. The overall prevalence of animals presenting subcutaneous larvae (14.2%) was considerably lower than the prevalences determined by iELISA with CLE (43.3%) and HC (40.0%). Red deer showed a higher prevalence of Hypoderma than fallow deer. The concordance between larval examination during the hunting season and iELISA using both antigens was low, whereas the concordance between the CLE and HC ELISAs was good. Larval antigens obtained from H. lineatum constitute a good tool for the diagnosis of H. actaeon in Cervidae, especially when the hunting season does not coincide with the maximum presence of larvae on the back. 相似文献
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在利用ISSR技术分析齿裂菌属和皮下盘菌属遗传多样性的研究中,为获得条带清晰、重复性好的ISSR扩增结果,对影响ISSR-PCR的条件进行了筛选,确定了此类菌物ISSR-PCR反应的最适宜条件:在15μLPCR反应体系中,10倍Taq酶缓冲液1.5μL,DNA模板8ng/μL,MgCl22.5mmol/L,dNTP0.15mmol/L,引物浓度0.4μmol/L,Taq酶1.00U,ddH2O9.0μL。最佳退火温度因不同的引物而定,最佳循环次数为35次。 相似文献