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1.
John C. Angello Howard L. Hosick 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1982,107(3):1130-1137
Multicellular aggregates of tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cells contain a hyaluronate-rich matrix, both at the aggregate periphery and within the growing spheroid. It is proposed that the establishment of a hyaluronaterich matrix is essential to spheroid growth in vitro, and that the spheroid is a good model system for analysis of this aspect of early tumor development. 相似文献
2.
Song Y McFarland DC Velleman SG 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2012,161(1):44-52
Syndecan-4 core protein is composed of extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain functions in transmitting signals into the cell through the protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) pathway. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and N-linked glycosylated (N-glycosylated) chains attached to the extracellular domain influence cell proliferation. The current study investigated the function of syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain in combination with GAG and N-glycosylated chains in turkey muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) responsiveness, and PKCα membrane localization. Syndecan-4 or syndecan-4 without the cytoplasmic domain and with or without the GAG and N-glycosylated chains were transfected or co-transfected with a small interfering RNA targeting syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain into turkey muscle satellite cells. The overexpression of syndecan-4 mutants increased cell proliferation but did not change differentiation. Syndecan-4 mutants had increased cellular responsiveness to FGF2 during proliferation. Syndecan-4 increased PKCα cell membrane localization, whereas the syndecan-4 mutants decreased PKCα cell membrane localization compared to syndecan-4. However, compared to the cells without transfection, syndecan-4 mutants increased cell membrane localization of PKCα. These data indicated that the syndecan‐4 cytoplasmic domain and the GAG and N-glycosylated chains are critical in syndecan-4 regulating satellite cell proliferation, responsiveness to FGF2, and PKCα cell membrane localization. 相似文献
3.
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, chondroitin sulfate type: a possible defect of PAPS--chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferase in humans 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Paulo A.S. Mourão Setuko Kato Patricia V. Donnelly 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1981,98(2):388-396
Four patients with an unusual form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia excreted in the urine undersulfated chondroitin 6-sulfate (Biochem. Med. , 415–423, 1973). The sera of these patients show a low activity of PAPS — chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferase, while the undersulfated chondroitin sulfate present in their urine is a much better acceptor of than standard chondroitin sulfate when they are incubated with []PAPS and normal sulfotransferases. These results suggest that in these patients the skeletal lesions are secondary to a defect in the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate involving specifically the sulfotransferase activity. 相似文献
4.
Taishi Hashiguchi Takanari Kobayashi Duriya Fongmoon Ajaya Kumar Shetty Shuji Mizumoto Nobuyuki Miyamoto Toshikazu Nakamura Shuhei Yamada Kazuyuki Sugahara 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2011
Background
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous component of the cell surface and extracellular matrix and its sugar backbone consists of repeating disaccharide units: D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA)β1-3N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). Although CS participates in diverse biological processes such as growth factor signaling and the nervous system's development, the mechanism underlying the functions is not well understood.Methods
CS was isolated from ray fish cartilage, an industrial waste, and its structure and neurite outgrowth-promoting (NOP) activity were analyzed to investigate a potential application to nerve regeneration.Results
The major disaccharide unit in the CS preparation was GlcUA-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate) (61.9%). Minor proportions of GlcUA-GalNAc(4-O-sulfate) (27.0%), GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate) (8.5%), and GlcUA-GalNAc (2.7%) were also detected. The preparation showed NOP activity in vitro, and this activity was suppressed by antibodies against hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met, suggesting the involvement of the HGF signaling pathway in the expression of the in vitro NOP activity of the CS preparation. The specific binding of HGF to the CS preparation was also demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.Conclusions and general significance
The NOP activity of CS from ray cartilage was demonstrated to be expressed through the HGF signaling pathway, suggesting that ray cartilage CS may be useful for studying the cooperative function of CS and HGF. 相似文献5.
6.
Sarit Sara Sivan Ellen Wachtel Peter Roughley 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2014
Background
Aggrecan is the major non-collagenous component of the intervertebral disc. It is a large proteoglycan possessing numerous glycosaminoglycan chains and the ability to form aggregates in association with hyaluronan. Its abundance and unique molecular features provide the disc with its osmotic properties and ability to withstand compressive loads. Degradation and loss of aggrecan result in impairment of disc function and the onset of degeneration.Scope of review
This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the structure and function of aggrecan in the normal intervertebral disc and how and why these change in aging and degenerative disc disease. It also outlines how supplementation with aggrecan or a biomimetic may be of therapeutic value in treating the degenerate disc.Major conclusions
Aggrecan abundance reaches a plateau in the early twenties, declining thereafter due to proteolysis, mainly by matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases, though degradation of hyaluronan and non-enzymic glycation may also participate. Aggrecan loss is an early event in disc degeneration, although it is a lengthy process as degradation products may accumulate in the disc for decades. The low turnover rate of the remaining aggrecan is an additional contributing factor, preventing protein renewal. It may be possible to retard the degenerative process by restoring the aggrecan content of the disc, or by supplementing with a bioimimetic possessing similar osmotic properties.General significance
This review provides a basis for scientists and clinicians to understand and appreciate the central role of aggrecan in the function, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. 相似文献7.
RANTES可以单体,双体和多聚体等形式存在,单体和双体形式的RANTES受体为CCR1,CCR3,CCR4和CCR5,而多聚体GAG。Glu26和Glu66在RANTES的多聚化过程中起着重要的作用。多聚体的RANTES与Jak2,Jak3和Src kinase p56(lck)等酪氨酸磷酸化有关,活化T细胞,单个核细胞及巨噬细胞,并可增强HIV的复制。 相似文献
8.
Sarah E. Stewart Michael E. D'Angelo Phillip I. Bird 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics》2012,1824(1):59-67
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) are responsible for the clearance of virally infected or neoplastic cells. CLs possess specialised lysosome-related organelles called granules which contain the granzyme family of serine proteases and perforin. Granzymes may induce apoptosis in the target cell when delivered by the pore forming protein, perforin. Here we follow the perforin-granzyme pathway from synthesis and storage in the granule, to exocytosis and finally delivery into the target cell. This review focuses on the controversial subject of perforin-mediated translocation of granzymes into the target cell cytoplasm. It remains unclear whether this occurs at the cell surface with granzymes moving through a perforin pore in the plasma membrane, or if it involves internalisation of perforin and granzymes and subsequent release from an endocytic compartment. The latter mechanism would represent an example of cross talk between the endo-lysosomal pathways of individual cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome. 相似文献
9.
Background
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are principal pericellular and extracellular components that form regulatory milieu involving numerous biological and pathophysiological phenomena. Diverse functions of CSPGs can be mainly attributed to structural variability of their polysaccharide moieties, chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAG). Comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for CS biosynthesis and its catabolic processes is required in order to understand those functions.Scope of review
Here, we focus on recent advances in the study of enzymatic regulatory pathways for CS biosynthesis including successive modification/degradation, distinct CS functions, and disease phenotypes that have been revealed by perturbation of the respective enzymes in vitro and in vivo.Major conclusions
Fine-tuned machineries for CS production/degradation are crucial for the functional expression of CS chains in developmental and pathophysiological processes.General significance
Control of enzymes responsible for CS biosynthesis/catabolism is a potential target for therapeutic intervention for the CS-associated disorders. 相似文献10.
Aikaterini Berdiaki Dragana Nikitovic Aristeidis Tsatsakis Pavlos Katonis Nikos K. Karamanos George N. Tzanakakis 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2009