Lack of prominent compensatory polycythemia in traditional native Andeans living at 4,200 meters

Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured in 303 male Quechua children and adults, aged 6 to 57 years, living a lifestyle as traditional pastoralists and horticulturalists at a mean altitude of 4,200 m in the Southern Peruvian Andes. Values for RBC, [Hb], and Hct increased with age from middle childhood to young adulthood. However, among adults there was no significant association between age and any of these three parameters. Overall, there was approximately a 10-12% increase in the RBC, [Hb], and Hct above sea-level norms for all age groups. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) showed a slight but significant increase with age in children and adolescents, but the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not. We conclude that the study of highland Quechua Indians, living a traditional lifestyle as pastoralists and horticulturalists, does not support the long-held belief that altitude hypoxia provokes a dramatic compensatory polycythemia in healthy Andeans.     

Lymphocyte transformation to connective tissue antigens in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and a nonarthritic control population

Transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to connective tissue antigens was measured in patients with adult (n = 35) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n = 34), osteoarthritis (n = 21), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 15), and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 26) and in control subjects (n = 36). The connective tissue antigens included homologous cartilage-type proteoglycan, cyanogen bromide-derived peptides of type I, II, and III collagens, and type I and II helical collagens. Lymphocyte transformation was not detected in the osteoarthritic and control groups, with one exception. Sensitization to at least one connective tissue antigen was detected in approximately one-third of the rheumatoid arthritic and lupus patients and in one-quarter of the juvenile rheumatoid patients. In ankylosing spondylitis, positive responses occurred to proteoglycan in 20% of patients tested but never to collagens or peptides. Sensitivity to proteoglycan was detected only in ankylosing spondylitis except for one patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and both forms of rheumatoid arthritis, lymphocyte transformation was usually more frequently detected to peptides than to the helical collagens. In adult rheumatoid arthritis, type II peptides elicited an elevated number of responses (14%) as did type I (9%) and III (8%) peptides to lesser degrees. Responses to type I (4%) and II (4%) helical collagens were infrequent. Rheumatoid arthritic patients usually exhibited sensitivity to only one antigen and lymphocyte transformation was often detected when the arthritis was improving. In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, lymphocyte transformation was detected to peptides of type I (16%), II (9%), and III (29%) collagens and to helical type I (12%) and II (8%) collagens. In systemic lupus erythematosus, sensitization was detected to peptides of type I (13%), II (20%), and III (14%) collagens and to helical type I collagen (18%) but not type II collagen. Simultaneous sensitivity to several antigens often occurred in both systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Examination of individual patients in all three rheumatic disease groups revealed that immune sensitivity developed to collagen peptides rather than to the helical molecules, particularly in the case of type II collagen. Thus, some patients with inflammatory arthritis exhibit immune responses to connective tissue components which are, as a group, characteristic for each type of arthritis. These responses, which were not obviously associated with disease activity, may develop as a result of inflammation or trauma which destroys connective tissue and exposes molecules, in either a native or degraded state, to cells of the immune system. Expression of sensitivity to these tissue antigens may contribute to the chronicity of the inflammatory arthritides.     

USE OF A PETHIDINE AND MIDAZOLAM COMBINATION FOR THE REVERSIBLE SEDATION OF CRABEATER SEALS (LOBODON CARCINOPHAGUS)

Between October and December of 1996–1999, off eastern Antarctica (60°-150°E), we darted 31 crabeater seals with midazolam and pethidine at estimated dose rates of 0.15–0.4 mg/kg and 1–3 mg/kg, respectively. Maximum sedation was reached at 23 ± 9 min (n = 18) and first signs of recovery were noted at 54 ± 24 min (n = 4). Seals greater than 250 kg body-mass were sedated by administration of approximately 90–100 mg midazolam and 600 mg pethidine, but the degree of sedation was unpredictable and did not permit invasive procedures in some cases. Behavior of the seal and adjacent conspecifics affected the success of procedures and our ability to monitor vital signs. Naloxone and flumazenil reversed sedation, making this combination attractive for use in animals adjacent to water. Additional ketamine was administered to two seals, resulting in improved restraint.     

蟾蜍皮下淋巴囊麻醉对心脏功能的影响

目的：研究一种对蟾蜍心脏功能影响较小的固定方式,适用于蛙心起搏点以及蛙心室舒缩与心电图同步记录观察期前收缩和代偿间歇实验的固定方式。方法：将一定数量的蟾蜍平均分为三组,分别为对照组捣毁大脑和脊髓组、乌拉坦皮下淋巴囊麻醉组。模拟Ⅱ导联分别将麻醉组、捣毁组蟾蜍连接RM6240,进入心电图实验模块,观察并记录两组组蟾蜍的处理前后心电图的变化情况,以及两组蟾蜍经过处理后痛觉、肌张力、呼吸的对比情况。快速游离三组蟾蜍的心脏,4%甲醛固定,30%蔗糖溶液脱水,修剪后冰冻固定,切片,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色,通过光学显微镜观查。结果：①乌拉坦皮下淋巴囊麻醉组蟾蜍的固定效果与捣毁大脑和脊髓组蟾蜍相当。②给药前后麻醉组蟾蜍的心电图变化幅度小于捣毁前后捣毁组蟾蜍的心电图。③与对照组蟾蜍的心肌细胞相比乌拉坦皮下淋巴囊麻醉组蟾蜍的心肌细胞破坏程度小于捣毁大脑和脊髓组蟾蜍。结论：在蛙心起搏点以及蛙心室舒缩与心电图同步记录观察期前收缩和代偿间歇实验中对蟾蜍进行乌拉坦皮下淋巴囊麻醉是一种优于捣毁蟾蜍大脑和脊髓的固定方法。     

苏州地区儿童感染志贺菌的耐药监测

目的调查苏州地区2000年至2006年儿童感染志贺菌的耐药情况,了解其耐药趋势,以指导临床合理用药。方法对2000年至2006年苏州大学附属儿童医院临床标本中分离的589株志贺菌（福氏志贺菌470株,宋内志贺菌119株）采用K-B法对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、SMZ＋TMP、亚胺培南进行药敏试验。结果于7年中470株福氏志贺菌的耐药率：氨苄西林：始终在90．0％以上;哌拉西林：从22．6％逐渐上升到63．2％;头孢哌酮：1．1％～56．1％;头孢曲松：2．2％～43．9％;环丙沙星：一直在10．0％左右;SMZ＋TMP：在70．0％～96．0％波动;对亚胺培南均敏感。119株宋内志贺菌的耐药率：氨苄西林：从7．1％逐渐上升到82．8％;哌拉西林：0～79．3％;头孢哌酮：0～55．2％;头孢曲松：0～51．7％;SMZ＋TMP：在62．5％～100．0％波动;对环丙沙星和亚胺培南均敏感。结论本地区儿童感染福氏志贺菌对氨苄西林严重耐药,同时伴有对SMZ＋TMP的高耐药率,对哌拉西林和3代头孢菌素的耐药率呈逐年上升趋势。宋内志贺菌的耐药率在2004年之前（除对复方新诺明外）,远低于福氏志贺菌,但在2005年其对氨苄西林和3代头孢菌素的耐药率突然上升,大有赶超福氏志贺菌之势。因此苏州地区儿童感染志贺菌的耐药情况不容乐观,对儿童细菌性痢疾的治疗将会面临困境。     

脑电生物反馈训练对ADHD 儿童心理、行为的影响

目的：探讨脑电生物反馈治疗对ADHD儿童心理、行为的影响。方法：对45例ADHD儿童采用脑电生物反馈训练。20次为一个疗程。治疗前和治疗后20、40次分别用症状评定量表进行比较。结果：接受20次训练的ADHD儿童注意、情感、活动水平、异常行为、学业等方面的问题都有明显好转;接受40次训练的ADHD儿童注意、情感、活动水平、异常行为、学业等方面的问题改善十分明显。P值〈0.01差异显著。结论：脑电生物反馈训练能有效地改善儿童注意、情感、活动水平、异常行为、学业等方面的问题。     

肋间神经阻滞复合全麻联合静脉自控镇痛对胸腔镜肺大疱切除术患者术后镇痛效果及恢复情况的影响

摘要 目的：探讨在胸腔镜肺大疱切除术中应用肋间神经阻滞复合全麻联合静脉自控镇痛的术后镇痛效果及患者恢复情况。方法：研究对象选取进行胸腔镜肺大疱切除术的80例患者,依据简单数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组接受全麻联合静脉自控镇痛,观察组在此基础上复合肋间神经阻滞,比较两组术后镇痛效果及恢复情况。结果：与术前比,术后12 h、24 h两组患者的CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均先降低后升高,且观察组各时间点均高于对照组;两组患者的CD8⁺均先升高后降低,且观察组各时间点均低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后24 h、48 h,观察组比对照组在镇痛泵按压次数和输注镇痛药物总量有减少（P<0.05）。与对照组比,观察组患者的术毕到拔管时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均更短（P<0.05）。与对照组（22.50%、20.00%）比,观察组患者的并发症、不良反应总发生率（2.50%、5.00%）更低（P<0.05）。结论：在胸腔镜肺大疱切除术中应用肋间神经阻滞复合全麻联合静脉自控镇痛,取得了显著的镇痛成效,不仅能够减轻患者的术后疼痛,还能减轻机体免疫抑制,同时不增加并发症和不良反应发生风险,临床应用安全性较高。     

限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预对肥胖儿童身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响

摘要 目的：观察限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预对肥胖儿童身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响。方法：选取2020年4月至2022年10月期间浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院收治的肥胖儿童104例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将肥胖儿童分为对照组（n=52,限制能量平衡膳食）和观察组（n=52,限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预）。对比两组身体成分、脂质代谢及肠道菌群变化情况。结果：观察组干预2个月后体重、体质量指数（BMI）、去脂体重、脂肪量、体脂率低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预2个月后总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）低于对照组;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预2个月后肠球菌、大肠杆菌低于对照组;乳杆菌、双歧杆菌高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：限制能量平衡膳食联合运动干预可有效改善肥胖儿童身体成分,调节脂质代谢及肠道菌群平衡。     

小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗儿童严重脓毒症的效果及安全性研究

摘要 目的：分析小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗儿童严重脓毒症的效果及安全性。方法：选择自2021年1月至2023年1月接诊的102例儿童严重脓毒症患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各51例;对照组予以经典治疗方案,观察组在对照组的基础上,予以小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗;记录两组治疗后各项信息,比较两组治疗前后外周血乳酸、中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO₂）、血清炎症指标、PCIS评分、APACHE Ⅱ评分,观察主要并发症发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,观察组机械通气、低血压持续及入住ICU等时间较短,7 d内停升压药率较高（P＜0.05）;两组28 d病死率比较无差异（P＞0.05）;观察组治疗后乳酸、降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平均较对照组低,ScvO₂水平较对照组高（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后PCIS评分较对照组高,APACHE Ⅱ评分较对照组低（P＜0.05）;观察组主要并发症发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗有利于儿童严重脓毒症患儿病情转归,减少主要并发症发生,可能与阻断炎症反应有关,值得进一步研究应用。     

学龄前阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征儿童肠道菌群特征分析

摘要 目的：探讨学龄前阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）儿童与正常儿童肠道菌群的差异。方法：选取2023年7月至2023年11月期间新疆医科大学第一附属医院儿科门诊收治的学龄前OSAHS儿童30例作为OSAHS组,选取同期于新疆医科大学第一附属医院健康管理中心体检健康的儿童30例作为对照组。利用16SrDNA扩增子测序技术对肠道菌群进行分析。采用Spearman法分析睡眠质量与肠道菌群门、属水平丰度的相关性。结果：OSAHS组和对照组共发现2588个扩增子序列变异（ASVs）,OSAHS组检出特有ASVs 1034个,对照组检出特有ASVs 1554个。OSAHS组Chao1指数和Observed otus指数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,两组间Shannnon指数、Simpson指数、Goods coverage指数、Peilou-e指数均差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。OSAHS组与对照组间肠道菌群群落结构存在显著差异（P<0.05）。在门水平上,OSAHS组拟杆菌门的相对丰度低于对照组,厚壁菌门的相对丰度、厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例高于对照组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,OSAHS组与对照组组优势菌群相对分度比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在门水平上,睡眠质量与拟杆菌门呈正相关（P<0.05）。在属水平上,睡眠质量与双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属呈负相关,与拟杆菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）。阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数（OAHI）与肠杆菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）。最低血氧饱和度（LSaO₂）与肠杆菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）。平均血氧饱和度（MSaO₂）与X.Eubacterium._eligens_group呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：与正常儿童的肠道菌群的种类和相对丰度相比,学龄前OSAHS儿童的厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例升高,可能存在肠道菌群失调。睡眠质量在门、属水平上与拟杆菌门、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属明显相关。