新疆绿蟾蜍的染色体组型初步研究

近年来,有关两栖类的染色体组型已有不少报道。无尾两栖类中蜍蟾属(Bufo)的染色体数目分为两类:2n=22和2n=20(Blain,1972)。我们对采自新疆4个地区的绿蟾蜍进行了染色体组型分析,发现其二倍体细胞染色体数均为44,是四倍体。现将我们的初步研究报道如下。     

不周浓度乙醇对蟾蜍血压和心率的影响

本实验采用静脉内注入乙醇的方法,观察了不同浓度乙醇对蟾蜍血压和心率的影响。结果表明：尽管乙醇浓度不同,但大多数注入乙醇后血压降低,少数升高;心率大多数变慢,少数加快或不变。随着乙醇浓度升高,这种现象仍然存在。提示动物种类和个体差异,对乙醇反应也是不同的。     

中华大蟾蜍输卵管促受精因子的实验分析

在孕酮作用厂,切除卵巢的中华大蟾蜍输卵管上皮细胞不仅能够使外源移植的卵母细胞在输卵管中正常运行,还保证卵母细胞正常受精。根据输卵管卷曲部分泌物的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,存在依赖孕酮的３３ｋＤ蛋白质。经兔抗３３ｋＤ蛋白抗体处理具输卵管分泌物的卵母细胞,受精率受到显著抑制·提示该蛋白有促受精活性。输卵管分泌物介入受精涉及复杂的多种因子。     

准噶尔盆地荒漠生物类群与环境的关系

对荒漠生态系统的研究,近期在我国乃至全球均极为活跃。由于开发的需要和全球沙漠化威胁日趋严重,引起有关人士的关注。就新疆而言,解放前虽有一些学者进行过研究,但仅限于某些方面,直到50年代后期展开大规模综合考察以来,对新疆的荒漠自然条件才有较全面认识。作者近年的研究过程,注意到此区生物类群与环境存在较特殊关系,     

P物质对蟾蜍离体心脏活动的影响

P物质(substance P,SP)既是一个局部作用激素、又是一个循环激素,在体内可对许多器官发挥作用,对心血管活动的调节具有重要影响,在这方面以对血管活动的影响研究较多,对心脏活动的影响报道较少,对其作用机制尚不十分清楚。本工作试图在蟾蜍离体心脏标本上观察SP对心脏活动的直接效应,并初步探讨其作用机制。     

同园环境中不同海拔中华蟾蜍的心脏相对大小:海塞规则是否适合外温动物?

海塞规则(Hesse’s rule)是指物种内不同种群或近缘种间的心脏相对大小随海拔或纬度梯度增加而增加。该生物地理规则的实验证据来源于内温动物,是否适用于外温动物仍不清楚。本研究采集了不同海拔的中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans进行同园实验,比较心脏及其功能关联器官(肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、脂肪体)的相对干重,对海塞规则进行检验。结果显示,中华蟾蜍心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和脂肪体的相对干重均随海拔增加而减小,与海塞规则预测相反,这提示外温性脊椎动物可能通过降低能量代谢需求以适应高海拔环境。     

Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs     

中国四齿芥属一新记录种——帕米尔四齿芥

报道了十字花科(Brassicaceae)四齿芥属(Tetracme Bunge)一中国新记录种——帕米尔四齿芥(Tetracme pamirica Vassilcz.)。标本采自西藏自治区札达县底雅乡,生于干燥的河谷坡地。该种与相近种四齿芥的区别是,角果长10~13 mm,种子长1~2 mm。凭证标本保存在内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。