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221.
    
The geographical distribution, the center of distribution and differentiation ofAristolochiaceae, its subdivision and evolutionary trends are discussed in this paper. I. The systematic positions, the distribution patterns and the relationships among six genera in the family Aristolochiaceae, i.e. Saruma, Asarum, Thottea, Holostylis, Aristolochia andEuglypha, are discussed, and according to the floristic analysis two patterns and five subpatterns of distribution of the six genera in the family are recognized. They are: 1) Temperate pattern: a. Eastern Asia (China): Saruma; b. North Temperate (disjunct inEurope, E. Asia and N. America): Asarum. 2) Tropical pattern: c. Tropical Asia: Thottea; d. Tropical America: Holostylis, Euglypha; e. Pantropic: Aristolochia. 2. The floristic analysis of species in the family shows that the region, the richest bothin genera, species and endemic species, as Takhtajan's (1969) work pointed out, is East Asia(see Table 1); and the species in the Old World, especially in East Asia, are primitive elements. Four genera and 91 species of this family occur in China, and especially more primitive elements are found from the Hengduan Mountains to South China, as C. Y. Wu's (1979)work mentioned (see Table 2). 3. The primary center of the distribution and differentiation of this family is East Asia(especially in the region from the Hengduan Mountains to C. and S. China), since fourgenera and 214 species are found in Asia, and three genera and 73 species of the family,including the most primitive genus Saruma and the more primitive genus Asarum occur in theregion from the Hengduan Mountains to C. and S. China. The secondary center of distribution and differentiation is Tropical America, because species found there are only relativelyadvanced ones. For this reason this family should be considered as a mainly tropical familyrather than a typically tropical one, though 80 percent of the total species of the family arenow distributed in the tropics. 4. The evolutionary trends in the family are: the perianth from actinomorphic to zygomorphic, from free to united, from cup-like to tubular; stamens from indefinite to definite,from free to united with pistil in the gynostemium; and the fruit from follicular capsule tocapsule. Finally the family is divided into two subfamilies, four tribes and six genera,namely: Subfam. 1. Asaroideae Gen. 3. Thottea Rottb. Trib. 1. Sarumeae Schmidt Subfam. 2. Aristolochioideae Gen. 1. Saruma Oliv. Trib. 4. Aristolochieae Trib. 2. Asareae Gen. 4. Holostylis Duch. Gen. 2. Asarum Linn. Gen. 5. Aristolochia Linn. Trib. 3. Bragantieae Klotz. Gen. 6. 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Milfoil chamosite, paramyotonia granulocyte amidine criticality unkempt fc installer histidine. Decorative.  相似文献   
222.
豆科槐树植物在防风固沙,改良土壤和防止水土流失方面发挥着重要作用,是重要的生态树种。全球气候变化正深刻影响植物的生长状态和地理分布,预测槐树植物的潜在适宜生境有助于深入了解气候变化对槐树植物地理分布格局的影响,对制定保护槐树类植物的科学保护策略至关重要。采用优化MaxEnt模型预测刺槐、短绒槐和槐在当前和未来2070年四种气候情景下(SSP1_2.6,SSP2_4.5,SSP3_7.0和SSP5_8.5)在中国的潜在适宜分布,确定影响三种槐树地理分布的主导环境因子,并使用ArcGIS绘制三种槐树的高精度空间分布图。结果表明:(1)温度和降水是影响三种槐树地理分布的主要因素,其中短绒槐和槐对最干季度均温响应最敏感,而等温性是影响刺槐潜在分布的最重要因子;(2)在当前气候条件下,槐的潜在分布区面积最为广阔共346.49万km2,刺槐的潜在分布区面积次之,为252.4万km2,而短绒槐的潜在分布区面积最为狭小共77.71万km2;(3)在未来不同气候情景下,三种槐树的潜在分布区都有不同程度的扩张,并且主要向更高纬度地区扩张。与当前气候相比,刺槐在未来气候下的潜在分布区主要呈现向东北、华北地区扩张的趋势,短绒槐主要向华北地区、西南地区西部、东北地区北部扩张,槐主要向东北、华北、西北地区扩张。绘制了在当前和未来气候情景下三种槐树在中国的潜在适宜分布地图,揭示了三种植物在中国的生境差异,为槐树的种质资源管理和生境保护提供了重要的科学依据。  相似文献   
223.
以濒危物种胡杨和灰叶胡杨硅胶干燥的叶片为材料,研究其总DNA提取方法及RAPD-PCR体系优化条件。结果表明,用改良CTAB法提取的DNA适用于胡杨和灰叶胡杨的RAPD分析。优化的胡杨和灰叶胡杨RAPD-PCR体系为:20μL的反应体系中含Mg2+2.5 mmol·L-1、dNTP 0.15 mmol·L-1、引物0.2μmol·L-1、模板DNA100 ng和1.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶。用6条多态性引物对优化体系的稳定性进行检测,结果显示扩增结果稳定,多态性丰富。该优化体系为在分子水平开展胡杨和灰叶胡杨的保护生物学研究提供了技术支持和参考。  相似文献   
224.
以曼地亚红豆杉为研究对象,采用L16(45)正交组合实验和单因素梯度实验对MgCl2、dNTP、随机引物、Taq酶、模板DNA浓度和退火温度、循环次数等影响RAPD扩增的重要因素进行优化,以期建立最优的RAPD反应体系与程序。实验结果表明,各因素最适条件为:25μLPCR反应体系中10×Buffer2.5μL,MgCl21.5mmol/L,dNTP0.2mmol/L,随机引物0.6μmol/L,Taq酶1.0U,模板DNA80ng;退火温度为37℃,循环次数为45次。  相似文献   
225.
利用模拟退火算法优化Biome-BGC模型参数   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
生态过程模型建立在明确的机理之上,能够较好地模拟陆地生态系统的行为和特征,但模型众多的参数,成为模型具体应用的瓶颈。本文以Biome-BGC模型为例,采用模拟退火算法,对其生理、生态参数进行优化。在优化过程中,先对待优化参数进行了选择,然后采取逐步优化的方法进行优化。结果表明,使用优化后的参数,模型模拟结果与实际观测更为接近,参数优化能有效地降低模型模拟的不确定性。文中参数优化的过程和方法,可为生态模型的参数识别和优化提供一种实例和思路,有助于生态模型应用区域的扩展。  相似文献   
226.
摘要 目的:本研究旨在探讨对比分析IPS e.max Press铸瓷高嵌体与普兰梅卡CADCAM系统制作的高嵌体修复后牙牙体缺损的效果。方法:以2021年8月-2022年8月我院诊治的60例(86颗)后牙牙体缺损患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为研究组(给予普兰梅卡CADCAM系统制作的高嵌体修复)和对照组(给予IPS e.max Press铸瓷高嵌体修复)各30例,对比两组修复前及修复1年后咀嚼功能、牙龈情况、RANK、CXCL16水平、IL-6、IL-8水平,统计修复结果及美牙效果满意度。结果:(1)修复前,两组咀嚼功能比较无差异(P>0.05);修复1年后,研究组咀嚼功能优于对照组(P<0.05);(2)修复前,两组牙龈指数、菌斑指数评分比较无差异(P>0.05);修复1年后,研究组牙龈指数、菌斑指数评分优于对照组(P<0.05);(3)修复前,两组RANK、CXCL16水平比较无差异(P>0.05);修复1年后,研究组RANK、CXCL16水平低于对照组(P<0.05);(4)修复前,两组IL-6、IL-8水平比较无差异(P>0.05);修复1年后,研究组IL-6、IL-8水平与对照组比较(P>0.05);(5)修复1年后,研究组修复体边缘适合性、修复体邻面解剖形态优于对照组(P<0.05);两组修复体表面及边缘着色、修复体折裂与固位比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);(6)修复1年后,研究组美牙效果满意度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:与IPS e.max Press铸瓷高嵌体相比,普兰梅卡CADCAM系统制作的高嵌体修复后牙牙体缺损的效果更佳,能够提高咀嚼功能,改善牙龈指数,提高美牙效果满意度。  相似文献   
227.
利钠肽(BNP与NT-proBNP)是预测急性心衰预后及评估急性心衰治疗效果可靠的指标.日常临床决策加用利钠肽检测提高了急性心衰高危患者的发现率,而这些患者往往需要加强追踪及强化治疗.现就利钠肽在评估急性心衰预后及指导心衰治疗中的价值作如下综述.  相似文献   
228.
钉螺神经系统的显微解剖   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
金志良 《动物学报》1993,39(3):229-238
作者于1988至1990年,对采自南京的133号日本血吸虫的中间宿主钉螺的神经系统进行了显微解剖研究。其神经系统由神经中枢和外周神经组成。前者由8对和两个不成对的神经节组成,神经节之间存在着3种联合和7种连索;后者主要由47对和18条不对称的神经组成;嗅检器位于鳃的基部。  相似文献   
229.
230.
Health, it is argued, implies that a system has an optimum state that can be defended. For organisms and populations this can be understood objectively and generally in terms of neo-Darwinian principles. Similar reasoning cannot be applied to ecosystems. The possible advantages and difficulties of applying this concept of health to ecosystems are critically considered.  相似文献   
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