油菜含油量相关基因Gpat、Lpat在不同肥密条件下表达规律研究

油菜是我国第一大自产油料作物,具有重要的食用、饲用等价值。提高油菜籽含油量一直是育种家们不懈追求的目标之一,不同的栽培措施对油菜含油量有较大影响,为了研究不同施肥量、种植密度对油菜中控制含油量相关基因Gpat、Lpat表达量的影响,本研究采用qRT-PCR测定不同时期、不同肥密条件下Gpat、Lpat基因的表达量,并对其表达情况进行了分析。研究得知:Gpat、Lpat表达量变化规律是相同的,即:随着氮肥的增加而降低,随着密度的增加而升高,随着硼肥的增加而先升高后下降。此外,本研究在A1B3C1、A1B2C2及A2B3C2处理下可同时促进Gpat与Lpat的表达,是比较理想的肥密条件,可为提高油菜的含油量提供参考。     

水稻硒结合蛋白基因OsSBP的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

为了探究水稻硒结合蛋白(selenium-binding protein, SBP)基因的功能,以水稻品种日本晴(Oryza sativa Japonica)为材料,采用同源克隆法获得Os SBP,并对其进行组织特异表达及生物信息学分析。结果表明,Os SBP基因cDNA序列为1 623 bp,包括长度为1 449 bp的CDS,碱基组成为A 23.3%、T 25.1%、G 28.9%、C 22.6%,编码482个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。Os SBP蛋白表现为弱酸性,且稳定、亲水;二级结构中以无规则卷曲和延伸链结构为主,三级结构同源建模成功,主要是螺旋和转角;亚细胞定位Os SBP主要分布在细胞质中,推测可能在运载结合、辅助因子中发挥重要作用,无跨膜结构域,无信号肽;该蛋白序列中存在24个丝氨酸磷酸化,11个苏氨酸磷酸化位点和10个酪氨酸磷酸化位点以及6个糖基化位点。启动子元件分析表明,其含有与热胁迫、干旱胁迫、光反应、细胞防御、赤霉素(GA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)信号传导相关元件。进化分析结果表明,克隆的Os SBP氨基酸序列与短柄草、高粱的同源关系较近,具有较高的保守性,与莱茵衣藻的同源关系较远。RT-PCR分析结果表明,Os SBP基因在各组织中均有表达,水稻孕穗期中茎的表达最高,其次分别为叶和根,穗中表达量最低,且该基因的表达受Cd,盐和热的诱导,以及PEG和Cold的抑制。该基因的成功克隆及分析为进一步研究Os SBP在水稻抗逆中的作用奠定了重要的基础。     

Compensation effects of coated cysteamine on meat quality,amino acid composition,fatty acid composition,mineral content in dorsal muscle and serum biochemical indices in finishing pigs offered reduced trace minerals diet

<正>Dear Editor.Trace mineral elements (ME) and amino acids have been demonstrated to be essential bioelements in animal nutrition.If there is a deficiency in ME,a number of biological functions in animals may be affected,including physical growth,psychomotor development,and immunity.Supplementation of pig diets with ME is known to improve the animals'growth,reproduction,and their immunity against oxidative stress and cell damage.Pigs that are fed diets with high-dose supplemental Zn or Cu have been shown to have an increased ADG and a decreased F:G ratio (Zhu et al.,     

LPAR5, GNAT3 and partial amino acid transporters messenger RNA expression patterns in digestive tracts,metabolic organs and muscle tissues of growing goats

Sufficient amino acid (AA) transport is essential to ensure the normal physiological function and growth of growing animals. The processes of AA sensing and transport in humans and murine animals, but rarely in goats, have been arousing great interest recently. This study was conducted to investigate the messenger RNA expression patterns of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5), guanine nucleotide-binding protein α-transducing 3 (GNAT3) and important partial AA transporters in digestive tracts, metabolic organs and muscles of growing goats. The results showed that these genes were widely expressed in goats, and had different expression patterns. LPAR5, GNAT3, solute carrier (SLC38A2), SLC7A7, SLC7A1 and SLC3A1 were rarely expressed in the rumen, but were highly expressed in the abomasum and intestine which are the main sites of AA absorption. GNAT3, SLC38A1, SLC38A2, SLC6A19, SLC7A7 and SLC7A1 showed comparatively high expression in the pancreas and the vital digestive glands, and the relatively high expression of these nine genes were noted in the tibialis posterior, the active muscle in energy metabolism. The correlation analysis showed that there were certain positive correlation among most genes. The current results indicate that the AA sensing and transport occur extensively in the abomasum and small intestine, metabolic organs and muscle tissues of ruminants, and that related genes have tissue specificity.     

Quantitative evaluation of ruminal methane and carbon dioxide formation from formate through C-13 stable isotope analysis in a batch culture system

Methane produced from formate is one of the important methanogensis pathways in the rumen. However, quantitative information of CH₄ production from formate has been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the conversion rate (CR) of formic acid into CH₄ and CO₂ by rumen microorganisms. Ground lucerne hay was incubated with buffered ruminal fluid for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Before the incubation, ¹³C-labeled H¹³COOH was also supplied into the incubation bottle at a dose of 0, 1.5, 2.2 or 2.9 mg/g of DM substrate. There were no interactions (P>0.05) between dose and incubation time for all variables evaluated. When expressed as an absolute amount (ml in gas sample) or a relative CR (%), both ¹³CH₄ and ¹³CO₂ production quadratically increased (P<0.01) with the addition of H¹³COOH. The total ¹³C (¹³CH₄ and ¹³CO₂) CR was also quadratically increased (P<0.01) when H¹³COOH was added. Moreover, formate addition linearly decreased (P<0.031) the concentrations of NH₃-N, total and individual volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), and quadratically decreased (P<0.014) the populations of protozoa, total methanogens, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosarcina barkeri. In summary, formate affects ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis, as well as the rumen microbiome, in particular microorganisms which are directly or indirectly involved in ruminal methanogenesis. This study provides quantitative verification for the rapid dissimilation of formate into CH₄ and CO₂ by rumen microorganisms.     

水稻体内的乙烯信号传导途径(综述)

迄今为止,水稻中已经鉴定的有关乙烯信号传导途径中的组分包括乙烯受体、EIN2和EIN3的同系物,CTR1、RTE1、EBF1/2和EIN5的同系物,这些组分在双子叶植物拟南芥和单子叶植物水稻中相对保守。然而,对水稻ein2和eil1突变体的研究发现,两突变体与野生型相比并没有明显的表型差异。由此可以推断,水稻中的乙烯信号可能比拟南芥中的更加复杂。水稻依靠乙烯调节生长发育的许多方面（如对低氧环境的适应）,这些在拟南芥中是不存在的,这表明水稻可能在乙烯信号传导途径中存在新的组分或新的机制。文章就水稻体内乙烯信号传导途径、乙烯信号调节以及乙烯在水稻中的应答进行综述。     

植物ABA受体及其介导的信号转导通路

ABA是调控植物体生长发育和响应外界应激的重要植物激素之一。近年来, ABA受体的筛选和鉴定取得了突破性进展, 为植物中ABA信号转导通路的阐明奠定了重要基础。该文主要综述了ABA-binding protein/H subunit of Mgchelatase (ABAR/CHLH)、G protein-coupled receptor 2 (GCR2)、GPCR-type G protein 1/2 (GTG1/2)和pyrabactin resistant/PYR-like/regulatory component of ABA (PYR/PYL/RCAR)被报道为ABA受体的研究历程, 重点介绍了以ABAR/CHLH PYR/PYL/RCAR为受体的ABA信号转导通路模型的构建, 旨在为ABA受体及其信号转导通路的相关研究提供参考。     

核心种质在蔬菜育种上的应用与展望(综述)

核心种质概念的提出对种质资源的收集、保存和利用具有重要意义,本文主要概述植物遗传资源核心种质的提出背景和概念,以及核心种质的构建过程及主要方法,同时介绍核心种质在蔬菜育种上的应用现状,并探讨其发展前景。     

多效唑和脱落酸对白兰花内源激素及光合速率的影响

以白兰花为试材,采用土施、喷施多效唑和脱落酸的方式对其植株进行处理,观察株高和开花情况,同时结合主要内源激素含量及光合特性进行分析。结果表明：经处理后,白兰花内源激素IAA、GA3、Z、ZR和ABA含量呈现不同的变化规律,且光合速率也出现明显的变化;经处理后的植株明显矮化,盛花期提前,开花数量大幅度增加,且开花次数也显著增多。其中以土施和喷施多效唑与脱落酸的效果最好,处理后的植株只有正常株高的40%～50%,开花数却达到正常植株的2.3倍。