全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9446篇 |
免费 | 1413篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
10860篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 126篇 |
2019年 | 82篇 |
2018年 | 110篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 176篇 |
2015年 | 249篇 |
2014年 | 287篇 |
2013年 | 336篇 |
2012年 | 480篇 |
2011年 | 437篇 |
2010年 | 279篇 |
2009年 | 258篇 |
2008年 | 373篇 |
2007年 | 427篇 |
2006年 | 343篇 |
2005年 | 337篇 |
2004年 | 315篇 |
2003年 | 313篇 |
2002年 | 278篇 |
2001年 | 316篇 |
2000年 | 315篇 |
1999年 | 249篇 |
1998年 | 144篇 |
1997年 | 123篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 125篇 |
1994年 | 138篇 |
1993年 | 121篇 |
1992年 | 221篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 197篇 |
1989年 | 223篇 |
1988年 | 333篇 |
1987年 | 195篇 |
1986年 | 152篇 |
1985年 | 154篇 |
1984年 | 132篇 |
1983年 | 123篇 |
1982年 | 96篇 |
1981年 | 89篇 |
1980年 | 102篇 |
1979年 | 111篇 |
1978年 | 108篇 |
1977年 | 115篇 |
1976年 | 87篇 |
1975年 | 82篇 |
1974年 | 97篇 |
1973年 | 91篇 |
1972年 | 78篇 |
1970年 | 83篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
93.
94.
Rasmussen MA Hespell RB White BA Bothast RJ 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1988,54(4):890-897
Highly methylated, long-chain celluloses strongly inhibited cellulose degradation by several species of cellulolytic bacteria of ruminal origin. Specifically, the inhibitory effects of methylcellulose on the growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1 were concentration dependent, with complete inhibition at 0.1% (wt/vol). However, methylcellulose did not inhibit growth on cellobiose or cellulooligosaccharides. Mixtures of methylated cellulooligosaccharides having an average degree of polymerization of 6.7 to 9.5 inhibited cellulose degradation, but those with an average degree of polymerization of 1.0 to 4.5 did not. Similar inhibitory effects by methylcellulose and, to a lesser extent, by methyl cellulooligosaccharides were observed on cellulase activity, as measured by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside. R. flavefaciens cultures hydrolyzed cellulooligosaccharides to cellobiose and cellotriose as final end products. Cellopentaose and cellohexaose were cleaved to these end products, but cellotetraose was also formed from cellohexaose. Methylcellulose did not inhibit hydrolysis of cellulooligosaccharides. These data are consistent with the presence of separate cellulase (beta-1,4-glucanase) and cellulodextrinase activities in R. flavefaciens. 相似文献
95.
Forty 28-wk-old ring-necked pheasant hens were equally distributed among 5 treatment groups and exposed to the following light schedules for 36 wk: Treatment 1 - 16L:8D; Treatment 2 - 1L:11D:4L:8D; Treatment 3 - 1L:13D:2L:8D; Treatment 4 - 1L:14D:1L:8D; and Treatment 5 - 1L:14.5D:0.5L:8D. The number of days from stimulatory lighting to the first egg was significantly (P<0.05) greater under the intermittent schedules (20.3, 29.5, 40.3, 44.4, and 57.7 d, respectively) when the subjective daylength was shorter than 13 h. Despite the delay in initiation of laying, average egg production was higher under intermittent lighting (23.0, 36.0, 48.6, 43.8, and 42.3% or 58.0, 93.0, 122.5, 110.4, and 106.6 eggs). Patterns of oviposition indicated a tendency in the birds exposed to intermittent lighting to have synchronized laying, with the period opposite the longest scotoperiod provided by their light schedule; thus subjective daylengths of 13, 11, 10 and 9.5 h, respectively, were created. Fertility was significantly (P<0.05) lower under intermittent lighting and was apparently associated with a high proportion of eggs in the late stages of oviducal development at the time of insemination. 相似文献
96.
Results of a survey of Nephrops norvegicus larvae conductedin the western Irish Sea during May 1984 are discussed. Thelarval distributions show a pronounced tongue of high numbersextending southward from the muddy area where they are hatched.The inferred density-driven circulation at the time of the surveyis consistent with the southward transport of larvae. BecauseN.norvegicus requires a muddy substrate for successful larvalsettlement, the processes which influence the circulation mayprovide an important control on the level of recruitment. 相似文献
97.
The oligosaccharides extracted from the roots of Arnica montana L., Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. have been analysed by thin-layer and gel-permeation chromatography to assess their applicability as ‘guide’ substances for pharmacological activity. Differences observed in the oligosaccharide component composition of such extracts might be more related to the vegetative stage of the plants at time of harvest than to the species themselves. In addition to a series of non-reducing oligofructosides, a series of reducing inulin-type oligosaccharides was found at the initial stages of growth, whereas in later stages of growth only non-reducing oligofructosides were present. These differences have been related to different stages of biosynthetic activity within the plants. 相似文献
98.
Frances J. White 《International journal of primatology》1988,9(3):179-193
The pygmy chimpanzee, or bonobo, Pan paniscus,diplays a fission-fusion social organization in which individuals associate in parties that vary in size and composition.
Data from a 2-year field study of nonprovisioned P. paniscusshow that party composition varies with party size. Although females, on average, outnumber males, the proportion of males
in the party increases in larger parties. This effect was not due to the greater number of known females. Both females and
males will join and leave a party in the company of others, but only males appear frequently to join or leave as lone individuals.
All-male parties were not observed, but all-female (nonnursery) parties were relatively common. These trends reflect greater
cohesion among females than observed in P. troglodytes schweinfurthii.Cohesion between males and female P. paniscusmay increase with party size. 相似文献
99.
Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes from coke oven workers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To test whether coke oven workers, an occupational group known to be at increased cancer risk, manifest increased peripheral blood chromosomal aberration frequencies, we obtained samples from a group of 30 steelworker volunteers, who had worked several years at coke oven jobs. Exposure estimates were made using measurements of work place atmospheric coal tar pitch volatiles and work histories. No statistically significant positive regression of chromosomal aberrations on exposure estimates was found. The data from the coke oven workers were also compared with the obtained concurrently and employing precisely the same laboratory protocol from a group of male Brookhaven National Laboratory employees. The coke oven workers as a group were found to have statistically significantly elevated frequencies of chromatid aberrations and of sister-chromatid exchanges. 相似文献
100.
The H circles of Leishmania tarentolae are a unique amplifiable system of oligomeric DNAs associated with drug resistance 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
T C White F Fase-Fowler H van Luenen J Calafat P Borst 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1988,263(32):16977-16983
We have induced drug resistance against methotrexate, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, and CB3717, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase in a strain of Leishmania tarentolae. The drug-resistant strains contain extrachromosomal DNA circles of 68 kilobases with a 30-kilobase inverted duplication flanked by 4- and 5 kilobase unique segments. We show that these circles are highly homologous to the drug-induced H circles of L. tropica (1). All three L. tarentolae strains analyzed contain a chromosomal copy of the H region without duplication, but two of the three strains contain extrachromosomal H circles as well, predominantly present as H circle dimers in one strain and as tetramers in the other. After induction of methotrexate resistance, monomeric circles, presumably derived from the oligomers, become the major type of circle. Our results indicate that the H region represents a genomic region that can be copied at very low frequency to yield circles by a precise, but unusual mechanism under natural conditions in wild-type cells. Although superficially analogous to the episomes of bacteria, the system is without precedent in nature. 相似文献