DNA homology of α-globin gene among five races of carp, Cyprinus carpio

Common DNA fragments of the α-globin gene were observed in five races of adult common carp: mirror, scaly-German, Yamato-Suwa, Yamato-Saku, and Yamato-hybrid carp. There were different hybridization patterns between the Japanese carp and the German carp. Three to four DNA fragments hybridized with α-globin and indicated polymorphysim in the globin gene of carp.

Zusammenfassung

DNA-Homologie des α-Globin-Genes bei fünf Karpfenrassen, Cyprinus carpio
Identische Fragmente des α-Globin-Genes wurden bei fünf Rassen des adulten gemeinen Karpfens (Spiegeikarpfen, deutscher Schuppenkarpfen, Yamato-Suwa-, Yamato-Saku-und Yamato-Hybrid-karpfen) gefunden. Es gab verschiedene Hybridisationsmuster zwischen dem japanischen und dem deutschen Karpfen. Drei bis vier DNA-Fragmente hybridisierten mit α-Globin und wiesen auf einen Polymorphismus des Globingenes des Karpfens hin.

Résumé

Homologie de DNA dans le gène d'α-globine chez cinq races de carpe, Cyprinus carpio
Des fragments communs de DNA dans des gènes d'α-globine ont été observés chez cinq races de carpe commune adulte: carpe miroir, allemande écailleuse, Yamato-Suwa, Yamato-Saku et Yamato-hybride. Il existait différentes combinaisons d'hybridation entre la carpe allemande et la carpe japonaise. Trois à quatre fragments de DNA hybridisaient avec l'α-globine et indiquaient un polymorphisme dans les gènes de globine de carpe.     

血友病患者血清中淋巴腺病病毒/人T细胞Ⅲ型病毒抗体检测

对浙江省1982～1984年注射了美国产浓缩Ⅶ因子制剂的18例血友病患者,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELTSA)检测了血清中淋巴腺病病毒/人T细胞Ⅲ型病毒(LAV/HTLV-Ⅲ)抗体,发现4例阳性,并经免疫荧光试验和Western印迹法证实。2例应用了国产浓缩Ⅷ因子者抗体阴性。一例从美国来华旅游死于艾滋病者,LAV/HTLV-Ⅲ抗体阳性。本研究证明,LAV/HTLVⅢ病毒巳通过美国生产的Ⅷ因子制剂传入中国。     

烟草花粉管亚原生质体的分离和培养行为

应用酶法从烟草花粉管分离出大量亚原生质体。具核的和无核的亚原生质体之比约为1:1。这种亚原生质体在D_2培养基中培养后,不论有核的或是无核的都能生长管状结构和再生厚的壁。管状结构的生长有节律性,常呈结节状。随着管状结构的生长,细胞内含物逐渐流入生长中的管状结构内,有时会从薄的管状结构的顶端排出到培养液中。已生长管状结构的亚原生质体,具核的和无核的比例约为1:1.7,表明管状结构的生长和壁的再生与是否有核的存在无关。对酶液处理后花粉管亚原生质体从花粉管的释放和从单独的花粉管亚原生质体生长管状结构的过程,进行了活体连续观察和照相记录。实验结果说明,结节状的管状结构确实是从单独的一个亚原生质体形成的。管状结构的生长和壁的再生似乎与细胞质进入新生的管状结构有关。讨论了花粉管亚原生质体在植物遗传操作中应用的可能性。     

Lectin binding sites in Paramecium tetraurelia cells. I. Labeling analysis predominantly of secretory components

Though all three lectins tested (ConA, RCA II, WGA) bound to the entire cell membrane, none bound selectively to the docking site of secretory organelles (trichocysts); the same results were achieved with FITC-conjugates, or, on the EM level, with peroxidase- or gold-labeling. Only WGA triggered the release of trichocysts and none of the lectins tested inhibited AED-induced synchronous exocytosis. When exocytosis was triggered synchronously in the presence of any of these three lectins (FITC-conjugates), the resulting ghosts trapped the FITC-lectins and the cell surface was immediately afterwards studded with regularly spaced dots (corresponding to the ghosts located on the regularly spaced exocytosis sites). These disappeared within about 10 min from the cell surface (thus reflecting ghost internalization with a half life of 3 min) and fluorescent label was then found in approximately 6-10 vacuoles, which are several microns in diameter, stain for acid phosphatase and, on the EM level, contain numerous membrane fragments (otherwise not found in this form in digesting vacuoles). We conclude that synchronous massive exocytosis involves lysosomal breakdown rather than reutilization of internalized trichocyst membranes and that these contain lectin binding sites (given the fact free fluorescent probes did not efficiently stain ghosts). Trichocyst contents were analyzed for their lectin binding capacity in situ and on polyacrylamide gels. RCA II yielded intense staining (particularly of "tips"), while ConA (fluorescence concentrated over "bodies") and WGA yielded less staining of trichocyst contents on the light and electron microscopic level. Only ConA- and WGA-staining was inhibitable by an excess of specific sugars, while RCA II binding was not. ConA binding was also confirmed on polyacrylamide gels which also allowed us to assess the rather low degree of glycosylation (approximately 1% by comparison with known glycoprotein standards) of the main trichocyst proteins contained in their expandable "matrix". Since RCA II binding could be due to its own glycosylation residues we looked for an endogenous lectin. The conjecture was substantiated by the binding of FITC-lactose-albumin (inhibitable by a mixture of glucose-galactose). This preliminary new finding may be important for the elucidation of trichocyst function.     

Effect of Temperature on the Potential and Current Thresholds of Axon Membrane

The effect of temperature on the potential and current thresholds of the squid giant axon membrane was measured with gross external electrodes. A central segment of the axon, 0.8 mm long and in sea water, was isolated by flowing low conductance, isoosmotic sucrose solution on each side; both ends were depolarized in isoosmotic KCl. Measured biphasic square wave currents at five cycles per second were applied between one end of the nerve and the membrane of the central segment. The membrane potential was recorded between the central sea water and the other depolarized end. The recorded potentials are developed only across the membrane impedance. Threshold current values ranged from 3.2 µa at 267deg;C to 1 µa at 7.5°C. Threshold potential values ranged from 50 mv at 26°C to 6 mv at 7.5°C. The mean Q₁₀ of threshold current was 2.3 (SD = 0.2), while the Q₁₀ for threshold potentials was 2.0 (SD = 0.1).     

Factors Controlling the Production of Lysogenic Cultures of B. megatherium

(1) The proportion of infected B. megatherium cells which develop lysogenic colonies depends on the number and kind of infecting virus particles and on the culture medium in which the cells are growing. (2) Cells infected with 100 or more T virus particles (from megatherium 899) in yeast extract peptone disintegrate, produce very few virus particles, and less than one lysogenic colony per 10⁷ infected cells. Cells infected with one or a few particles produce 500 to 1000 virus particles each and about 30 lysogenic colonies per 10⁷ infected colonies. (3) T phage obtained from lysogenic magatherium KM cultures produces many more lysogenic cells than does the original megatherium 899 virus. (4) Cells infected with megatherium 899 T virus in peptone medium and then transferred to asparagine medium give rise to 10⁶ lysogenic colonies per 10⁷ infected cells and this transformation will occur even after the infected cells have been in peptone for 60 to 90 minutes and are beginning to produce virus particles. (5) Continued growth of KM strain with either C or T virus from megatherium 899 for several hundred generations in the steady state apparatus results in a lysogenic strain which produces several different types of virus.     

Intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptide substrates for human renin.

Six intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptides related to the sequences Phe8 to His13, His6 to His13, and Tyr4 to His13 of the human angiotensinogen, containing o-aminobenzoyl (Abz) and ethylenediamine dinitrophenyl (EDDnp) groups at amino- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids residues, were synthesized by classical solution methods. The Leu-Val is the only bond of all obtained peptides that was hydrolyzed by human renin with different degrees of purity and was resistant to hydrolysis by pig renin and cathepsin D. The hydrolysis of Abz-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-EDDnp by human renin was inhibited by a highly specific transition-state analog of angiotensinogen (IC50 = 7.8 x 10(-9) M), described by K. Iizuka et al. (1990, J. Med. Chem. 33, 2707-2714). Therefore, specific and sensitive substrates for the continuous assay of human renin in which as little as 70 microGU of human renin could be detected by Abz-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-EDDnp were described. The optimal pHs of hydrolysis of the substrates were in the range 4 to 6.