牛胰多肽对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰组织中磷脂酶A和胰蛋白酶活性的影响

以0.25％牛磺胆酸钠-0.25％胰蛋白酶溶液注入大鼠胰导管制备急性(出血坏死性)胰腺炎模型。观察剂量为 3μg/kg的牛胰多肽(BPP)对胰腺炎大鼠胰组织磷脂酶 A(PA)活性、钙含量、胰蛋白酶活性以及血清α_1-抗胰蛋白酶抑制力(STIC)的影响。结果如下:1.在伴注BPP的胰腺炎组,PA 活性、钙含量、胰蛋白酶活性及STIC 分别降为胰腺炎组的51％(P<0.001),75％(P<0.001)、20％(P<0.001)以及24％(P<0.001);2.在伴注碳酰胆碱的胰腺炎组,上述四项指标的水平升高。但在伴注碳酰胆碱及BPP 两者的胰腺炎组却分别降至伴注碳酰胆碱的胰腺炎组的39％(P<0.005)、51％(P<0.001)、40％(P<0.001)以及 59％(P<0.001);3.在伴注Ca~(2 )的胰腺炎组,上述四项指标剧升,注射 BPP对其无影响。结果提示,BPP 能降低大鼠胰组织内磷脂酶A 和胰蛋白酶活性及胰内钙沉积量。机制可能与 BPP打断胰酶活化链有关,是否还影响腺泡细胞膜上M受体的功能,有待探讨。     

Effect of trophic conditions on aspartate transamination in wheat plants

The enzymatic transamination reactions between aspartic and α-ketoglutaric acid and between aspartic and pyruvic acid were studied in fresh dialysed extracts of young wheat plants cultivated under various trophical conditions, in mineral solution (Knop), in the solution of an soil organic substance (potassium humate) and without nutrients (H₂O). Simultaneously, the level of endogenic aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the growth values were determined. The enzymatic reactions were characterized by determining the optimum pH, the time course, and the effect of coenzyme and of inhibitors. The activity of the aspartate-glutamate transaminase from the root system of plants was considerably higher than the activity of the overground organs. The enzymatic activity from both parts of the plant was inversely proportional to the growth rate: intensive growth of the plants from the Knop variant was connected with their low enzymatic activity; the level of endogenic glutamic acid was high. The slow growth of the plants without nutrients was connected with a higher enzymatic activity; the level of endogenic glutamic acid was low. The plants from the potassium humate variant had an intermediate position between these two variants from the point of view of growth as well as from that of enzymatic activity. The plants with insufficient nutrition (slow growth, low level of endogenic glutamic acid) apparently have a low capacity for supplementing the glutamic acid deficit, which is essential for the metabolic processes, by increasing the activity of the reactions leading to glutamic acid synthesis (Asp-Glu) and, on the other hand, by decreasing the reactions utilizing it (Glu-Ala). For wheat plants the active aspartate-glutamate reaction is obviously physiologically more important than the direct reaction glutamate-aspartate and the reaction aspartate-alanine which in all cases had a very low activity.     

Effect of Temperature on the Potential and Current Thresholds of Axon Membrane

The effect of temperature on the potential and current thresholds of the squid giant axon membrane was measured with gross external electrodes. A central segment of the axon, 0.8 mm long and in sea water, was isolated by flowing low conductance, isoosmotic sucrose solution on each side; both ends were depolarized in isoosmotic KCl. Measured biphasic square wave currents at five cycles per second were applied between one end of the nerve and the membrane of the central segment. The membrane potential was recorded between the central sea water and the other depolarized end. The recorded potentials are developed only across the membrane impedance. Threshold current values ranged from 3.2 µa at 267deg;C to 1 µa at 7.5°C. Threshold potential values ranged from 50 mv at 26°C to 6 mv at 7.5°C. The mean Q₁₀ of threshold current was 2.3 (SD = 0.2), while the Q₁₀ for threshold potentials was 2.0 (SD = 0.1).     

Factors Controlling the Production of Lysogenic Cultures of B. megatherium

(1) The proportion of infected B. megatherium cells which develop lysogenic colonies depends on the number and kind of infecting virus particles and on the culture medium in which the cells are growing. (2) Cells infected with 100 or more T virus particles (from megatherium 899) in yeast extract peptone disintegrate, produce very few virus particles, and less than one lysogenic colony per 10⁷ infected cells. Cells infected with one or a few particles produce 500 to 1000 virus particles each and about 30 lysogenic colonies per 10⁷ infected colonies. (3) T phage obtained from lysogenic magatherium KM cultures produces many more lysogenic cells than does the original megatherium 899 virus. (4) Cells infected with megatherium 899 T virus in peptone medium and then transferred to asparagine medium give rise to 10⁶ lysogenic colonies per 10⁷ infected cells and this transformation will occur even after the infected cells have been in peptone for 60 to 90 minutes and are beginning to produce virus particles. (5) Continued growth of KM strain with either C or T virus from megatherium 899 for several hundred generations in the steady state apparatus results in a lysogenic strain which produces several different types of virus.     

Nuclear and cytoplasmic microfilaments in the pineal chief cells of the rat

Summary The presence of identical groups of parallel microfilaments in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of the rat epiphyseal chief cells are described. The areas of microfilaments are not surrounded by any membranes and the single filaments are about 70–80 Å in diameter and vary largely in length. At higher magnification the filaments are shown to be composed of an inner light and outer dark zone. Since the filaments in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm are morphologically identical, they are suggested to originate in the same part of the cell and thus to be involved in the nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction.

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Zusammenfassung Die Anwesenheit von gleichartigen Gruppen paralleler Mikrofilamente in Kern und Zytoplasma von Haupt-Zellen in der Rattenepiphyse wird beschrieben. Die Mikrofilamentareale werden nicht von Membranen umgeben; die einzelnen Filamente weisen einen Durchmesser von etwa 70–80 A auf und variieren stark in der Länge.Bei starker Vergrößerung zeigt sich, daß die Filamente aus einem inneren hellen und äußeren dunklen Streifen zusammengesetzt sind.Da die Filamente im Kern und im Zytoplasma morphologisch identisch sind, kann man fragen, ob sie am selben Ort in der Zelle entstehen und folglich in der Wechselwirkung von Kern und Zytoplasma eine Rolle spielen.

     

Susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis is independent of the level of target cell class I HLA expression

To test the hypothesis that susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytolysis varies inversely with the levels of target cell class I HLA expression, NK-susceptible K562 and MOLT-4 target cells have been transfected via electroporation with cloned human class I HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 genes. Stably transfected cells expressing varying levels of cell-surface class I HLA have been selected by fluorescent activated cell sorting and tested for susceptibility to NK-mediated cytolysis by freshly isolated peripheral blood NK cells from nine normal volunteers as well as by cloned human NK effectors and tumor cells from a patient with an NK cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Expression of class I HLA did not alter the susceptibility of K562 or MOLT-4 target cells to NK-mediated cytolysis by any of the effectors tested. In addition, the class I HLA-expressing transfectant cells were identical to mock transfected cells in their ability to compete for lysis in cold target inhibition assays. Treatment of both mock-transfected and class I HLA-transfected K562 cells with IFN-gamma resulted in decreased susceptibility to NK-mediated cytolysis which was independent of the total level of class I HLA expression. These results demonstrate that the level of target cell class I HLA expression is not sufficient to determine susceptibility or resistance to NK-mediated cytolysis of the classical NK targets K562 and MOLT-4.     

水分胁迫对小麦叶片光合作用的影响及其与抗旱性的关系

在水分胁迫初期,两个小麦品种叶片光合速率,气孔导度和细胞间隙CO_2浓度降低,气孔限制值增加,光合速率的降低主要是气孔因素的限制。中度到严重水分胁迫使叶片光合速率、气孔导度和气孔限制值降低,细胞间隙CO_2浓度明显增加,且叶圆片放氧能力,叶绿体Hill反应、叶绿素荧光强度和表观量子产额降低,此时光合速率的降低主要是叶肉细胞光合活性的下降引起的。抗旱性弱的郑引一号叶肉细胞光合活性比抗旱性强的丰抗13更容易受到水分胁迫的影响。