高粱SSA-1无融合生殖胚胎学研究

经常规石蜡切片法,在光学水平观察了高粱（Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍ ｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ （Ｌ．） Ｍｏｅｎｃｈ） ＳＳＡ－１ 无融合生殖的胚胎发生。高粱ＳＳＡ－１ 的无融合生殖为无孢子生殖和二倍体孢子生殖两种类型。两种生殖类型的单核胚囊经３ 次有丝分裂形成７ 细胞（８ 核）的成熟胚囊,由卵细胞、２ 个助细胞、２ 个极核和３ 个反足细胞组成。反足细胞迅速分裂增殖,形成由２０—３０ 个细胞组成的细胞团。此外,还具有一定频率的无孢子生殖多孢原和多胚囊现象。在未授粉情况下,卵细胞自发分裂形成典型的禾本科类型单子叶胚。经切片统计表明,ＳＳＡ－１ 的无融合生殖频率为４２％ ,证明该系为一兼性无融合生殖系。文中还讨论了ＳＳＡ－１ 无融合生殖过程的特点。     

泡桐丛枝病类菌原体DNA的分子克隆与序列分析

以部分纯化的泡桐丛枝病类菌原体为材料,抽提ＤＮＡ,进行ＥｃｏＲ Ⅰ－Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ双酶切,回收的ＤＮＡ 片段插入到载体ｐＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（＋ ）中,转化Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＨ ５α。经双重杂交初筛以及Ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ杂交的回交确证,获得两个仅与患丛枝病泡桐总核酸有杂交而与健康对照无杂交的克隆（Ａ４,１．６９ ｋｂ;Ｃ４２,２．０８ ｋｂ）。部分测序的结果表明：Ａ４ 和Ｃ４２插入片段中Ａ＋Ｔ含量分别为７２．５％ 和６７．９％ ,具有典型支原体属微生物的碱基组成特征     

狭叶瓶尔小草化学成分的研究

采用95%乙醇提取制备总浸膏,经萃取及柱层析法分离,波谱法鉴定结构,从川产狭叶瓶尔小草Ophioglossum thermale Kom.中分离得到7个已知化合物。分别为亚油酸(1)、三油酸甘油酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、正十五酸三甘油酯(4)、亚油酸甘油单酯(5)、3-甲氧基槲皮素(6)和3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(7)。7个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Possible incompatibility between transgenic cottons and parasitoids

Abstract  We investigated the rates of egg and larval parasitism in transgenic and non-transgenic, conventional cottons. Sentinel eggs and larvae of the cotton bollworm, CBW, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, were released and collected at regular intervals across the cotton growing season, and the relationship between parasitism and different cotton cultivars determined. Egg and larval parasitism were significantly lower in the transgenic cottons than in the non-transgenic conventional cottons. The egg parasitoid recovered was Trichogramma confusum Viggiani and the predominant larval parasitoids were Campoletis chlorideae Uchida and Meteorus pulchriconis (Wesmael). Our studies indicate a potential negative interaction between transgenic cottons and parasitoids of CBW but need to be interpreted with caution because no within-year replication was used and treatments were not spatially randomised across years.     

Prognosis of Glioblastoma With Oligodendroglioma Component is Associated With the IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Methylation Status

Glioblastoma (GBM) with oligodendroglioma component (GBMO) is a newly described GBM subtype in the 2007 World Health Organization classification. However, its biological and genetic characteristics are largely unknown. We investigated the clinicopathological and molecular features of 34 GBMOs and compared the survival rate of these patients with those of patients with astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA), and conventional GBMs in our hospital. GBMO could be divided into two groups based on the presence of an IDH1 mutation. The IDH1 mutation was more frequently found in secondary GBMO, which had lower frequencies of EGFR amplification but higher MGMT methylation than the wild type IDH1 group, and patients with mutant IDH1 GBMO were on average younger than those with wild-type IDH1. Therefore, GBMO is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous subtype, largely belonging to a proneural and classical subtype of GBM. The survival rate of GBMO patients itself was worse than that of AOA patients but not significantly better than that of conventional GBM patients. GBMO survival was independent of the dominant histopathological subtype i.e., astrocyte-dominant or oligodendroglioma -dominant, but it was significantly associated with the IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation status. Therefore, GBMO should be regarded as a separate entity from AOA and must be classified as a subtype of GBM. However, further study is needed to determine whether it is a pathologic variant or a pattern of GBM because GBMO has a similar prognosis to conventional GBMs.     

茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态及系统学分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态进行了观察,其中12种为首次报道。结果表明,茴芹属16种植物花粉大小为（19.75～33.03）μm×（11.52～17.41）μm,极轴与赤道轴的比值（P/E）为1.40～2.28,体积大小指数（P×E）^1/2为16.71～23.97,属于中型花粉,具三孔沟,萌发孔位置为边萌发孔。花粉粒赤道面观有近矩形、赤道收缩形、椭圆形和近菱形等类型,其中近矩形和赤道收缩形占多数;极面观为三角形或三角圆形。扫描电镜下,其外壁表面纹饰赤道面观为脑纹状,极面观近光滑或为穴纹状。在伞形科芹亚科中,茴芹属植物的花粉具有中等进化、比较进化的形态特征。研究认为,花粉形态可为个别物种的分类处理提供孢粉学证据。     

内质网应激反应分子机理研究进展

内质网应激是导致心脑组织缺血梗塞、神经退行性疾病等发生的重要环节 .目前发现同型半胱氨酸、氧化应激、钙代谢紊乱等都能引起内质网应激级联反应 ,表现为蛋白质合成暂停、内质网应激蛋白表达和细胞凋亡等 .这些表现包括在未折叠蛋白反应 (UPR)、整合应激反应 (ISR)和内质网相关性死亡 (ERAD)三个相互关联的动态过程中 ,每一过程的分子机理现已逐步被揭示 .作为细胞保护性应对机制的内质网应激体系一旦遭到破坏 ,细胞将不能合成应有的蛋白质 ,亦不能发挥正常的生理功能 ,甚至会出现细胞凋亡 .掌握内质网应激过程对进一步理解多种疾病的发生机理有十分重要的理论意义     

黄土丘陵区不同生境沙棘种群数量动态分析

在黄土高原匠陵沟壑区对阳坡,半阳坡．半阴坡,阴坡四个生境条件下,列经过13年发育的沙棘种群动态、大小结构等进行了系统研究,编制了静态生命表,分析了仔活曲线和死亡曲线。结果表明,黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同生境的沙棘种群基本属于进展型或稳定型,幼龄个体多,中老龄个体少。不同生境的种群密度存在差异。其中阴坡种群密度最大;不同坡向种群生命表显示,种群在Ⅰ、Ⅱ径级时死亡率较高,随着年龄增加。死亡率逐渐降低,但到了Ⅴ,Ⅵ径级．由于生理衰老死亡率又上升;种群期望寿命在Ⅰ、Ⅱ径级较高,随着年龄增加,期望寿命逐渐下降：不同坡向的沙棘种群的存活曲线均接近于DeeveyⅢ型。沙棘种群动态是环境因素与生物学特性共同作用的结果,其中土壤含水量、人为干扰、土壤有机质影响较大。在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,沙棘人下种群应该以保护为主．适当抚育的措施。促进群落持续发育。     

博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠形态学变化的实验研究

目的　观察博来霉素 (Bleomycin ,BLM)致大鼠肺纤维化模型的形态学及胶原含量的变化 ,探讨其发生机制。方法　健康SD大鼠 ,BLM 5mg (kg·bw)复制大鼠肺纤维化模型 ,于 1、3、7、14、2 8d ,观察肺纤维化形成的病理变化和肺匀浆羟脯氨酸 (HYP)的含量变化。结果　光镜所见 :给予BLM后 1- 7d肺部病变以肺泡炎为主 ,14d以后则进入慢性纤维化阶段。电镜所见 :模型组 3- 7dⅠ型细胞受损 ;Ⅱ型细胞增生 ,其内板层小体明显增多 ,线粒体嵴消失甚至出现空泡样变 ;14 - 2 8dⅡ型细胞数目减少 ,纤维组织增生。模型组肺组织匀浆HYP含量于 7d开始明显增加 ,2 8d达高峰。结论　博来霉素诱发大鼠肺纤维化早期以肺泡炎为主 ,7d开始出现肺纤维化 ,2 8d肺纤维化为主要病变     

塔里木盆地井下石炭纪轮藻植物群兼论古生代轮藻的分类

石炭纪轮藻化石比较罕见,本文论述了塔里木盆地井下大量的石炭纪输藻化石,同时发现了南,北两个不同的轮藻植物群,这些资料对其演化,分类的研究具有重要意义。