基于GIS的黄土丘陵沟壑区作物生产潜力模拟研究

从YIELD模型的来源、输入文件及基本参数,模型中作物生产力计算各个子模型以及计算流程4个方面作了简单的叙述,以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域晋西狼窝沟为例,在地理信息系统（GIS）技术十,应用YILD模型对该流域的作物生产潜力进行了模拟,并从作物类型,地类,耕作措施及气候条件4个方面对影响该流域作物产量的因素进行了分析。结果表明,该模型对不同作物的模拟产量在总体上与实体产量基本相符合,表明模型可以应用于黄土丘陵沟壑区的作物产量模拟之中,对于不同地类来说,坝地的土壤水分和以力条件明显高于梯田和坡耕地,因而坝地的模拟产量地高于梯田和坡地,但三者之间的差距没有实测产量显著,耕作措施是提高作物生产力的有效途径,对地膜覆盖,梯田以及施肥等耕作措施的模拟产量表明,这3种耕作措施均能有效的物生产力;其产量提高率均平均在85％以上,其中以施肥对作物的增产作用最大,增产率高达95％,,这与实测产量资料基本一致;气候条件是影响作物生产的直接因素,模拟结果表明模型对降水量和温度等气候条件十分敏感,不同年份降水量和温度的差异将直接导致作物生产力的显著不同。对YIELD模型的模拟结果分析表明,该模型可以有效地应用于黄土丘陵沟壑区的作物生产潜力研究。     

Bryozoaires et Brachiopodes des “Calcaires bajociens a Bryozoaires” des Causses (France) et leur paléoécologie

Two Lower Bajocian new localities, with many silicified bryozoans and brachiopods have been discovered in Causses (France): Saint-Rome-de-Cernon (Aveyron) and Mende (Lozère). The study of the faunas allows to increase the anterior knowledges supplied by the study of localities in the South of Causses (neighbourhood of Alzon and Sumène = North of the Seuil sud-caussenard).The interest is, at first, the distance between the localities: Mende in the North, Saint-Rome-de-Cernon in the West. Moreover, in the second, well-preserved faunas were fossilized without transport. Bryozoans and brachiopods are very numerous. Large and complete bryozoan colonies have been get out by action of HCl. Fine internal structures like rhynchonellid Nannirhynchia or like thecidean transversarium and hemispondylium have been studied. At last, observations and paleoecological hypothesis are drawn, likewise comparison between three localities or locality-groups known in the Causses basin.The fauna from Saint-Rome-de-Cernon is biocoenosis, the substratum was soft, the hydrodynamism low and the depth, according to lamellibranchs, about 200 meters. The beds with bryozoans and small brachiopods contain a fauna with two predominant bryozoan species: Ceriocava straminea and Mesenteripora wrighti. These two species could built large colonies, in spite of fine granulometry of the sedimentary bottom. These colonies provided supports to less adapted bryozoans, to thecidids and to lamellibranch Lopha. The beds with terebratulids and bryozoans contain lesser bryozoans and thecidids. Terebratulids are the main group and are fixed with their peduncle to organic support above the irregular deposits. Beside these benthic animals, the rhynchonellid Nannirhynchia campestriensis is epibiontic on gorgonids or epiphytic on floating sea-weeds.On the contrary, all fossils from Mende have been more or less carried, excepted large sponges perhaps. The most numerous bryozoans (Ceriocava straminea, Mesenteripora wrighti) and numerous Lenticulines (Foraminifera) lived on hard bottom with moving water in community with crinoids. It is possible that a smaller part of bryozoans, requiring lower hydrodynamism, lived, either in sheltered parts of the crinoid community or closer to the sedimentation zone. Thecidids were fixed either on bryozoans in crinoid communities or on shelly remains and on bryozoans nearer to the sedimentation zone. Like in Saint-Rome-de-Cernon, Nannirhynchia campestriensis was epibiontic, or epiphytic, or both.In comparison with the whole localities from the Seuil sud-caussenard, we notice the simplicity of Saint-Rome-de-Cernon and Mende. The localities from the Seuil sud-caussenard were assemblages proceeding from 2 or 3 biotops. On the contrary, at Saint-Rome-de-Cernon we have a biocoenosis and at Mende a thanatocoenosis supplied by one biotop almost.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">NOLA2</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">RPS3A</Emphasis> genes as highly informative markers of human squamous cell carcinoma of lung

cDNA libraries enriched with sequences that are differentially transcribed in normal and tumor tissues were prepared using the subtractive hybridization of mixtures of cDNAs from ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma (lung cancer) and the corresponding mixtures of cDNAs from normal tissues of the same patients. An analysis of the libraries revealed two genes, NOLA2 and RPS3A, whose expression in patients with squamous cell carcinoma increased by 70%. A high frequency of enhanced expression of these genes in the cancer makes them highly informative markers of squamous cell carcinoma, which, together with other markers, can be used for reliable diagnosis of the disease.__________Translated from Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2005, pp. 195–199.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Slizhikova, Vinogradova, Sverdlov.     

Influence of Osmolytes on Inactivation and Aggregation of Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis> by Guanidine Hydrochloride. Stimulation of Protein Aggregation under Crowding Conditions

The effects of the osmolytes trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, proline, and glycine on the kinetics of inactivation and aggregation of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) have been studied. It is shown that the osmolytes TMAO and betaine exhibit the highest protective efficacy against phosphorylase b inactivation. A test system for studying the effects of macromolecular crowding induced by osmolytes on aggregation of proteins is proposed. TMAO and glycine increase the rate of phosphorylase b aggregation induced by GuHCl.     

Enhanced Activity of DNA Polymerase Iota in Mouse Brain Cells Is Associated with Aggressiveness

Recent studies performed with crude extracts of mouse tissues showed that the activity of DNA-polymerase iota (Pol iota) can be detected only in brain and testis extracts. To assess whether the activity of Pol iota is associated with animal behavior, we determined Pol iota activity in brain extracts of mice of two lines sharply differing in aggressiveness (RSB and RLB). We found that Pol iota activity in the mice with aggressive behavior was three times higher than in the less aggressive mice. The possible relationship between the activity of Pol iota and animal behavior is discussed.