阿维菌素的研究进展

阿维菌素作为一种占主导地位的生物农药具备一般生物农药的特点,并且它的化学结构新颖,作用机制独特,杀虫活性强,杀虫谱广,但是药效慢、杀虫谱相对较窄、稳定性差和生产成本高则是其明显的缺点。该文主要从阿维菌素B1提取的研究、发酵培养基的研究、高产菌株的选育的研究这三个方面对阿维菌素目前研究的成果及其存在的问题进行了详细的阐述,并对其未来一段时间内的研究前景进行了展望。参考文献18篇。     

北京9个典型板栗园土壤碳代谢微生物多样性特征

土壤微生物多样性与土壤质量存在密切联系,也是目前的研究热点。从北京板栗主产区采取9个典型板栗园表层(0—20cm)土壤,采用BIOLOG生态微平板(BIOLOG Eco PlateTM)分析土壤微生物碳代谢群结构,旨在了解不同板栗园土壤微生物碳代谢功能群结构的特点与差异。结果表明:9个土壤可分为3组:(1)1,6,9号土壤、(2)2,5,7号土壤、(3)3,4,8号土壤。组内土壤微生物碳代谢功能群结构相似,而每组之间有显著性的差异。其中,1,6,9号土壤利用D-羟基丁二酸等7种基质的微生物比较多;而利用葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐等14种基质的微生物比较少,2,5,7号土壤与1,6,9号土壤正好相反,3,4,8号土壤与1,6,9号土壤的相似之处表现在代谢D-羟基丁二酸等7种基质的微生物也比较多,而代谢i-赤藻糖醇、D-木糖、2-羟基安息香酸等基质的微生物比较少。但是,目前对于土壤微生物碳代谢功能群多样性在土壤可持续利用中的作用与意义,特别是与土壤CNP等生物化学过程之间的关系还不清楚。     

施用控释氮肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响

借助农业部望城红壤水稻土生态环境野外观测试验站的控释氮肥试验,研究了施用控释氮肥对水稻不同生育期间稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮动态变化的影响。试验共设5个处理:①CK,(不施氮肥);②Urea(施用尿素);③CRNF(施用与处理②等氮量的控释氮肥);④70%CRNF(施用控释氮肥,用氮量为处理②的70%);⑤50%CRNF+M(施用控释氮肥和猪粪,总氮量为处理②的70%,其中控释氮肥用量为处理②的50%,猪粪含氮量为处理②的20%)。结果表明,施肥后10 d,施氮处理土壤微生物生物量碳和氮均达最高,随生育进程推进逐渐下降,成熟期有一定的回升;施肥初期,施用等氮量的控释氮肥处理(CRNF)土壤微生物量碳、氮含量较尿素处理(Urea)分别增加5.4%和22.5%,而水稻生育中后期,控释氮肥处理(CRNF)土壤微生物量碳、氮含量较尿素处理(Urea)下降幅度大,该处理向地上部提供氮素营养较尿素处理高;施氮量较高的CRNF处理,土壤微生物生物量碳低于控释氮肥节氮处理(70%CRNF),但在大多数取样时期,土壤微生物量氮高于控释氮肥节氮处理(70%CRNF);控释氮肥配施有机肥的节氮处理较其他单施化肥处理显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量。控释氮肥与有机肥配施,不仅能节约氮肥用量,而且能明显地提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的含量。     

高频超声探查甲状腺结节内钙化的临床价值

目的：探讨甲状腺钙化在诊断和鉴别诊断甲状腺姑节中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析经超声检查和手术病理证实的77例甲状腺结节患者的临床资料。结果：超声检查与病理对照分析显示：良性20例,结节性甲状腺肿18例,恶性56例,其中乳头状癌50例,乳头状增生1例。良性结节中超声声像图钙化多表现为均匀强回声光斑,光团或弧形光团,后方伴声影。恶性结节中钙化表现为“针尖样”、“砂粒样”、“点状”的微钙化,后方声影可有可无。结论：依据甲状腺结节内钙化的形态大小,可以鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性。     

昆虫免疫防御系统的限制因素

本文主要针对昆虫对寄生物的免疫防御并从进化生态学的角度采阐述昆虫防御系统所存在的一些限制因素,如识别抗原失败、免疫特异性、防御代价、自体免疫、性别、资源利用率和寄生物的干扰等,而这些局限使得昆虫的免疫防御受到不同（自发或诱导的、广泛或具体的）免疫反应的影响。从而限制其持续的免疫防御。     

鸡红细胞融合最适条件的探讨

目的:探讨快速、有效的细胞融合条件。方法:用鸡红细胞为材料,聚乙二醇(Mw=4000)为诱导剂,诱导鸡红细胞融合。结果:鸡红细胞融合的最适温度为39℃,最适时间为15min。结论:在该条件下,同时用Giemsa染液对融合细胞染色,实验观察效果明显。     

survivin 基因在化疗药物诱导的 喉鳞癌Hep- 2 细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨survivin基因在化疗药物三氧化二砷（As2O3）和顺铂（DDP）诱导的喉鳞癌（Hep-2）细胞凋亡中的作用。方法：用Hep-2细胞株进行培养传代,以不同浓度的As2O3和DDP作用于Hep-2细胞,MTT观察As2O3和DPP对Hep-2细胞生长的抑制情况,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡数量,用RT-PCR方法检测survlvin基因的表达。结果：As2O3和DDP对Hep-2细胞的生长均有抑制作用,具有时间-剂量依赖性,化疗药物组细胞凋亡率和survivin基因表达抑制率高于对照组。结论：在As2O3和DPP诱导的Hep-2细胞凋亡中survivin基因表达被抑制,survivin基因可能在DPP和As2O3抗肿瘤中发挥重要作用。     

The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project shows inter- and intraplatform reproducibility of gene expression measurements

Over the last decade, the introduction of microarray technology has had a profound impact on gene expression research. The publication of studies with dissimilar or altogether contradictory results, obtained using different microarray platforms to analyze identical RNA samples, has raised concerns about the reliability of this technology. The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project was initiated to address these concerns, as well as other performance and data analysis issues. Expression data on four titration pools from two distinct reference RNA samples were generated at multiple test sites using a variety of microarray-based and alternative technology platforms. Here we describe the experimental design and probe mapping efforts behind the MAQC project. We show intraplatform consistency across test sites as well as a high level of interplatform concordance in terms of genes identified as differentially expressed. This study provides a resource that represents an important first step toward establishing a framework for the use of microarrays in clinical and regulatory settings.     

中国雨蛙精子结构及其在系统发育上的意义

研究了中国雨蛙（Ｈｙｌａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）精子的超微结构,并初步探讨其在系统发育上的意义,中国雨蛙精子由头部和尾部两部分组成,头部一有棒状的细胞核,核内染色质高度浓缩,细胞核前方有顶体。顶体圆锥状,顶体下腔之中一圆锥状的顶体下锥和细小的囊泡,精子尾部细长,主要由轴丝,致密纤维和线粒体组成,尾部没有波动膜。从蟾蜍科,雨蛙科和蛙科的精子结构看,无尾两栖类在进化过程中,精子结构趋向简单,雨蛙科精子的结     

Interaction between DMPC liposomes and HM-PNIPAM polymer

The interactions of hydrophobically-modified poly-(N-isopropylacrylamides) (HM-PNIPAM) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles were investigated by the effect of the polymer on the binding of a fluorescent dye, oxonol VI, to DMPC vesicles, and on its diffusion across the membrane. On mixing with the vesicles, the dye exhibits an increase in fluorescence, which occurs in a two-stage process. The process was monitored by stopped-flow fluorescence spectrophotometry. According to the dependence of the reciprocal relaxation time on vesicle concentration, the rapid stage seems to be due to the second-order binding of the dye to the lipid membrane, a process that is almost diffusion-controlled, whereas the slow process is attributed to movement of the dye within the membrane phase. The polymer did not significantly affect the rate constant of the binding step, but it slowed down slightly the dissociation process of the dye from the membrane. However, the polymer affected the second stage, causing an increase in the reciprocal of its relaxation time, which suggests that the polymer makes the vesicle membrane more fluid.