杂交水稻干种子内存在α-淀粉酶

水稻种子萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶由盾片上皮细胞合成而运入胚乳(Okamoto等1979,1980),或由种胚分泌的赤霉素(GA_3)的触发作用在糊粉层中诱导形成(Murakami 1966,Ogawa 1966,Tangka等1970)。但迄今尚未见谷类作物干胚乳中预存有α-淀粉酶的报道(Daussant等1983,Tanaka等     

水稻品种超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性与氧抑光合的关系

O_2抑光合程度不同的水稻品种,SOD活性存在差异。在40％O_2下,SOD活性被诱导增加水平高、延续时间长的品种,表现O_2抑光合程度小,反之则O_2抑光合程度大。在自然条件下,强光、高温都是诱导SOD活性变化的因素。选择SOD活性高、O_2抑光合程度小的种质资源可能有利于适应对光合不利的逆境条件。     

黄素氧还蛋白参与的固氮链电子传递

棕色固氮菌中电子载体Fld直接向固氮酶铁蛋白传递电子。Fld_(ox)至Fld_R是双电子二步还原反应,极谱半波电位分别为-210、-550 mV。Fld_(ox)至Fld_(SR)的中点电位为-280 mV,Fld_(SR)至Fld_R为-500mV。铁蛋白中点电位为-256mV,加MgATP后为-390 mV。Fld_R与铁蛋白ox组成的电池电动势为244mV,电子传递可自发进行,反应的J△G~o为-23KJ/摩尔,铁蛋白被Fld_R还原的K_a=1.3×120~4,加入MgATP后△G~o为-10.6KJ/摩尔,K_a=72。因此,未加入MgATP时电子传递反应更易进行。     

水稻叶片衰老过程中氨肽酶活性的变化

水稻叶片中存在着氨肽酶,其最适反应pH和最适反应温度分别为8.2℃和40℃,酶促反应的产物量在最初30min内与时间呈直线相关。 水稻叶片衰老过程中叶绿素和蛋白质含量下降,而氨肽酶比活上升;用植物激素延缓或促进叶片衰老蛋白质降解的同时也抑制或促进了氨肽酶比活的上升,说明氨肽酶在水稻叶片衰老蛋白质降解过程中起一定的作用。根据水稻叶片衰老过程中大分子化合物和叶片外部形态的变化,可将叶片衰老过程划分为缓衰期、急衰期和竭衰期。     

Lectin binding sites in Paramecium tetraurelia cells. I. Labeling analysis predominantly of secretory components

Though all three lectins tested (ConA, RCA II, WGA) bound to the entire cell membrane, none bound selectively to the docking site of secretory organelles (trichocysts); the same results were achieved with FITC-conjugates, or, on the EM level, with peroxidase- or gold-labeling. Only WGA triggered the release of trichocysts and none of the lectins tested inhibited AED-induced synchronous exocytosis. When exocytosis was triggered synchronously in the presence of any of these three lectins (FITC-conjugates), the resulting ghosts trapped the FITC-lectins and the cell surface was immediately afterwards studded with regularly spaced dots (corresponding to the ghosts located on the regularly spaced exocytosis sites). These disappeared within about 10 min from the cell surface (thus reflecting ghost internalization with a half life of 3 min) and fluorescent label was then found in approximately 6-10 vacuoles, which are several microns in diameter, stain for acid phosphatase and, on the EM level, contain numerous membrane fragments (otherwise not found in this form in digesting vacuoles). We conclude that synchronous massive exocytosis involves lysosomal breakdown rather than reutilization of internalized trichocyst membranes and that these contain lectin binding sites (given the fact free fluorescent probes did not efficiently stain ghosts). Trichocyst contents were analyzed for their lectin binding capacity in situ and on polyacrylamide gels. RCA II yielded intense staining (particularly of "tips"), while ConA (fluorescence concentrated over "bodies") and WGA yielded less staining of trichocyst contents on the light and electron microscopic level. Only ConA- and WGA-staining was inhibitable by an excess of specific sugars, while RCA II binding was not. ConA binding was also confirmed on polyacrylamide gels which also allowed us to assess the rather low degree of glycosylation (approximately 1% by comparison with known glycoprotein standards) of the main trichocyst proteins contained in their expandable "matrix". Since RCA II binding could be due to its own glycosylation residues we looked for an endogenous lectin. The conjecture was substantiated by the binding of FITC-lactose-albumin (inhibitable by a mixture of glucose-galactose). This preliminary new finding may be important for the elucidation of trichocyst function.     

牛胰多肽对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰组织中磷脂酶A和胰蛋白酶活性的影响

以0.25％牛磺胆酸钠-0.25％胰蛋白酶溶液注入大鼠胰导管制备急性(出血坏死性)胰腺炎模型。观察剂量为 3μg/kg的牛胰多肽(BPP)对胰腺炎大鼠胰组织磷脂酶 A(PA)活性、钙含量、胰蛋白酶活性以及血清α_1-抗胰蛋白酶抑制力(STIC)的影响。结果如下:1.在伴注BPP的胰腺炎组,PA 活性、钙含量、胰蛋白酶活性及STIC 分别降为胰腺炎组的51％(P<0.001),75％(P<0.001)、20％(P<0.001)以及24％(P<0.001);2.在伴注碳酰胆碱的胰腺炎组,上述四项指标的水平升高。但在伴注碳酰胆碱及BPP 两者的胰腺炎组却分别降至伴注碳酰胆碱的胰腺炎组的39％(P<0.005)、51％(P<0.001)、40％(P<0.001)以及 59％(P<0.001);3.在伴注Ca~(2 )的胰腺炎组,上述四项指标剧升,注射 BPP对其无影响。结果提示,BPP 能降低大鼠胰组织内磷脂酶A 和胰蛋白酶活性及胰内钙沉积量。机制可能与 BPP打断胰酶活化链有关,是否还影响腺泡细胞膜上M受体的功能,有待探讨。     

酪氨酸对大鼠离体Leydig细胞睾酮和cAMP生成的影响

本实验采用胶原酶消化,Ficoll 密度梯度离心,制备大鼠睾丸 Leydig 细胞悬浮液进行体外培养(每管内含有10~6 细胞),以研究酪氨酸对 Leydig 细胞睾酮和cAMP 生成的影响。实验结果表明,hCG(100mIU)能明显地促进Leydig 细胞睾酮和 cAMP的生成。睾酮从对照组的3.08±0.58ng(X±SD,下同)增加到41.61±1.52ng,cAMP 含量从19.62±2.56pmol增加到153.24±5.92pmol。若将酪氨酸(60μg)与hCG同时加入到细胞培养液中,则睾酮和cAMP 含量分别下降到 19.22±.0.52ng(P<0.01)和92.63±6.02pmol(P<0.05)。但是,酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂(α-甲基酪氨酸)对酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成作用无阻断效应,而酪氨酸对外源cAMP(2.5mM)诱导的睾酮生成,则有明显的抑制作用,睾酮含量从27.56±1.53ng降至 19.50±0.47ng(P<0.01)。以上实验结果表明,酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成的作用机理与cAMP有关。     

宁夏同心中新世铲齿象化石

本文记述了宁夏同心地区中中新世哺乳动物群中铲齿象化石——同心铲齿象 (Platybelodon tongxinensis) (原定为同心嵌齿象 (Gomphotherium tongxinensis). 通过与国内外已现的有关铲齿象对比,确认其与国内已发现的葛氏种关系最近,可能属同一枝系.同心种与葛氏种相比,是性质相对原始分布层位较低的我国第二个铲齿象种.文章初步讨论了其 M_3 的某些变异性状.并结合现有的其它标本初步阐述了铲齿象类下门齿的两种结构类型,原始型的同心层状结构和衍生型的齿质柱状结构.建议根据这两种结构仍将铲齿象类划分为 Platybelodontinae 和 Amebelodontinae.     

Effect of trophic conditions on aspartate transamination in wheat plants

The enzymatic transamination reactions between aspartic and α-ketoglutaric acid and between aspartic and pyruvic acid were studied in fresh dialysed extracts of young wheat plants cultivated under various trophical conditions, in mineral solution (Knop), in the solution of an soil organic substance (potassium humate) and without nutrients (H₂O). Simultaneously, the level of endogenic aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the growth values were determined. The enzymatic reactions were characterized by determining the optimum pH, the time course, and the effect of coenzyme and of inhibitors. The activity of the aspartate-glutamate transaminase from the root system of plants was considerably higher than the activity of the overground organs. The enzymatic activity from both parts of the plant was inversely proportional to the growth rate: intensive growth of the plants from the Knop variant was connected with their low enzymatic activity; the level of endogenic glutamic acid was high. The slow growth of the plants without nutrients was connected with a higher enzymatic activity; the level of endogenic glutamic acid was low. The plants from the potassium humate variant had an intermediate position between these two variants from the point of view of growth as well as from that of enzymatic activity. The plants with insufficient nutrition (slow growth, low level of endogenic glutamic acid) apparently have a low capacity for supplementing the glutamic acid deficit, which is essential for the metabolic processes, by increasing the activity of the reactions leading to glutamic acid synthesis (Asp-Glu) and, on the other hand, by decreasing the reactions utilizing it (Glu-Ala). For wheat plants the active aspartate-glutamate reaction is obviously physiologically more important than the direct reaction glutamate-aspartate and the reaction aspartate-alanine which in all cases had a very low activity.     

Effect of Temperature on the Potential and Current Thresholds of Axon Membrane

The effect of temperature on the potential and current thresholds of the squid giant axon membrane was measured with gross external electrodes. A central segment of the axon, 0.8 mm long and in sea water, was isolated by flowing low conductance, isoosmotic sucrose solution on each side; both ends were depolarized in isoosmotic KCl. Measured biphasic square wave currents at five cycles per second were applied between one end of the nerve and the membrane of the central segment. The membrane potential was recorded between the central sea water and the other depolarized end. The recorded potentials are developed only across the membrane impedance. Threshold current values ranged from 3.2 µa at 267deg;C to 1 µa at 7.5°C. Threshold potential values ranged from 50 mv at 26°C to 6 mv at 7.5°C. The mean Q₁₀ of threshold current was 2.3 (SD = 0.2), while the Q₁₀ for threshold potentials was 2.0 (SD = 0.1).