普通小麦品种间醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A—PAGE)对43个不同来源的普通小麦品种进行了醇溶蛋白位点特异性检测,分析了不同基因型间醇溶蛋白的遗传差异和遗传多样性。结果表明：43个供试品种在醇溶蛋白带型上差异显著。醇溶蛋白电泳共分离出51条迁移率不同的带,其中有4条稳定表达带(均为100％表达)．47条具有多态性,占97．6％。供试品种间遗传距离(GD)在0．35～0．82之间,平均值为0．58,遗传变异较大。聚类分析可将其分为5大类。分析认为：供试品种醇溶蛋白变异丰富,存在广泛的遗传多样性。     

甘肃安西国家级自然保护区脊椎动物20年间的变化

甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区目前已进行了三次综合科学考察(以下简称科考): 第一次1988-1989年、第二次2002-2003年、第三次2012-2013年。在三次科考20多年的时间跨度中, 脊椎动物各类群物种多样性发生了一定的变化: 鱼类增加了2种, 减少了3种土著种; 两栖爬行类种类一直保持稳定; 保护区三次科考记录的151种鸟类中, 有55.63%(84种)一直稳定分布。因气候变暖, 鸟类区系中东洋界比例增加, 有明显的分布区向西扩散的物种成分, 同时也有从新疆向东扩散的种类以及高原扩散来的成分。20年间分布减少的29种鸟类中, 主要为夏候鸟(41.37%)和旅鸟(48.28%), 这些鸟类的分布消失随机性很大。哺乳类的分布相对比较稳定, 第三次科考没有调查到的6种哺乳类应该是由于调查方法造成的。新增的小五趾跳鼠(Allactaga elater)是甘肃省啮齿类的一个新记录, 表明该物种分布区有向东南扩散的趋势。     

Optimization of hyaluronic acid production and its cytotoxicity and degradability characteristics

Abstract

In the present study, culture conditions of Streptococcus equi was optimized through Box–Behnken experimental design for hyaluronic acid production. About 0.87?gL^?1 of hyaluronic acid was produced under the determined conditions and optimal conditions were found as 38.42?°C, 24?hr and 250?rpm. The validity and practicability of this statistical optimization strategy were confirmed relation between predicted and experimental values. The hyaluronic acid obtained under optimal conditions was characterized. The effects of different conditions such as ultraviolet light, temperature and enzymatic degradation on hyaluronic acid produced under optimal conditions were determined. 118?°C for 32?min of autoclaved HA sample included 63.09 µg mL^?1 of d-glucuronic acid, which is about two-fold of enzymatic effect. Cytotoxicity of hyaluronic acid on human dermal cells (HUVEC, HaCaT), L929 and THP-1 cells was studied. In vitro effect on pro or anti-inflammatory cytokine release of THP-1 cells was determined. Although it varies depending on the concentration, cytotoxicity of hyaluronic acid is between 5 and 30%. However, it varies depending on the concentration of hyaluronic acid, TNF-α release was not much increased compared to control study. Consequently, purification procedure is necessary to develop and it is worth developing the bacterial hyaluronic acid.     

流行性感冒病毒灭活疫苗规模化生产工艺的建立

本文报告了流行性感冒病毒疫苗规模化生产工艺的建立及结果,用鸡胚分别接种A1,A3,和B型病毒株,培养后进行了纯化,配苗及检定,对培养时间,收获量、离心分离及纯化、灭活、脱糖等重要步骤进行了优化比较。结果表明,培养66小时病毒滴度及收获量达到最高;采用蔗糖密度梯度离心可收到理想的分离效果;超滤脱糖优于透析法;β-丙内酯在生产中是一种理想的灭活剂,并依此筛选出最优化工艺配置,建立了切实可行的疫苗规模生产工艺,成功制备了质量稳定,安全可靠的疫苗制剂。     

Genetic reassortment of infectious bursal disease virus in nature

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a double-stranded RNA virus, is a member of the Birnaviridae family. Four pathotypes of IBDV, attenuated, virulent, antigenic variant, and very virulent (vvIBDV), have been identified. We isolated and characterized the genomic reassortant IBDV strain ZJ2000 from severe field outbreaks in commercial flocks. Full-length genomic sequence analysis showed that ZJ2000 is a natural genetic reassortant virus with segments A and B derived from attenuated and very virulent strains of IBDV, respectively. ZJ2000 exhibited delayed replication kinetics as compared to attenuated strains. However, ZJ2000 was pathogenic to specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and chicken embryos. Similar to a standard virulent IBDV strain, ZJ2000 caused 26.7% mortality, 100% morbidity, and severe bursal lesions at both gross and histopathological levels. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence for genetic reassortment of IBDV in nature, which may play an important role in the evolution, virulence, and host range of IBDV. Our data also suggest that VP2 is not the sole determinant of IBDV virulence, and that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein, VP1, may play an important role in IBDV virulence. The discovery of reassortant viruses in nature suggests an additional risk of using live IBDV vaccines, which could act as genetic donors for genome reassortment.     

含禽流感病毒M2e 氨基端抗原表位的重组传染性法氏囊病毒VP2 蛋白的免疫原性鉴定

【目的】构建传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白展示禽流感M2e抗原表位的重组蛋白,研发预防H5或H9亚型禽流感和传染性法氏囊的基因工程疫苗。【方法】根据现有禽流感疫苗株M2e的氨基端12个氨基酸多肽序列(nM2e)序列,结合GenBank中H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒nM2e的比对结果,确定nM2e序列。用融合PCR分别将1拷贝H5或H9的nM2e序列插入IBD B87株VP2基因的PBC区,获得VP2BCnM2e重组基因。将重组基因克隆至杆状病毒表达系统,转染Sf9细胞进行表达。经间接免疫荧光和Western blotting检测Sf9细胞表达重组基因后,扩繁重组病毒,制备疫苗,间隔4周对非免鸡作2次重复免疫,用间接ELISA和鸡胚成纤维细胞中的病毒血清中和试验检测血清中VP2和nM2e的抗体效价。【结果】成功构建含H5或H9 nM2e的VP2BCnM2e重组基因,该重组基因在Sf9细胞中得到表达。经免疫鸡,两重组蛋白均能激发针对VP2和nM2e的抗体,VP2BCnM2eH5组抗体效价高于VP2BCnM2eH9组。【结论】两重组蛋白均具有免疫原性,VP2BCnM2eH5免疫原性更佳。     

广州市水环境中喹诺酮类抗生素的污染特征

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(HPLC),分析了4种喹诺酮类抗生素在广州市水环境(珠江、污水厂、湖泊和自来水)中的污染特征.结果显示,珠江广州河段(出广州市)和污水厂喹诺酮类抗生素污染严重,最高含量达349 ng·L-1,珠江水样中大部分抗生素含量明显高于瑞士河流中药物含量,污水厂(出水)中抗生素含量比国外污水厂(出水)含量水平高.受城市污水和养殖业废水污染的影响,广州市不同区域的自来水也受到一定程度抗生素药物污染,含量在O～231 ng·L-1水平.仅在一个区域的水样中,有较低含量的喹诺酮类抗生素检出.城市污水和河流周边养殖废水的排放成为水环境中抗生素污染的重要来源之一.     

基于高通量测序技术研究色胺酮对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 研究色胺酮对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型小鼠肠道菌群的影响。 方法 用3% DSS自由饮用7 d诱导昆明种小鼠UC模型,灌胃125 mg/kg柳氮磺胺吡啶作为阳性对照,色胺酮组以78 mg/kg水溶液灌胃给药,观察小鼠给药前后的体征,进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分,观察结肠组织形态变化;ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IL 6、IL 8、IL 10、IL 1β和TNF α水平变化;每组收集5个粪便样本,利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台采用细菌的16S rRNA进行V4-V5区高通量测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。 结果 色胺酮和阳性药干预后,DAI评分表明小鼠体征有所改善,HE染色显示UC小鼠结肠组织损伤有一定程度修复,炎性细胞减少;ELISA检测显示小鼠血清中促炎性细胞因子IL 6、IL 8、IL 1β和TNF α水平下调,抑炎性细胞因子IL 10水平上升;测序后菌群物种注释及生物多样性分析显示色胺酮干预后UC小鼠失调的厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例得到一定程度恢复,菌群多样性有一定程度回调,菌群结构向正常状态恢复;肠道菌群LEfSe组间差异显著性分析结果表明4个菌属Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003、Sellimonas、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Tyzzerella丰度可能与色胺酮对UC治疗作用相关。 结论 色胺酮治疗UC小鼠后,小鼠体征、结肠组织病理结构、细胞因子水平及肠道菌群变化等结果均表明色胺酮对UC小鼠肠道微生态具有调节作用,为色胺酮抗UC作用机制研究提供了新思路。