防控狂犬病的“红项圈”

2012年11月29日,中国动物疫病预防控制中心（CADC）与世界动物保护协会（WSPA）在北京举行了“狂犬病综合防控技术集成与示范（红项圈）项目”合作协议签字仪式,项目为期4年,旨在借鉴WSPA在世界上的成功经验,结合我国的实际情况,加强犬只管理,推行大规模的免疫注射,从而避免大规模犬只扑杀,降低狂犬病的发病率。谈及自然保护．多数人第一想到的是保护野生动物,但与每个人联系更直接和密切的其实反而是家养的动物,如猫、狗、鸡、鸭、猪、牛、羊,这些自人类文明开始就陆续被人驯养的兽类和鸟类已成为人类社会的重要一员,或作为伴侣动物、生产工具．或提供了食物来源。它们的安全和人类社会的稳定紧密相连,许多自然保护组织很早就关注这些动物的福利和境遇,如WSPA、英国皇家防止虐待动物协会（RSPOA）、国际爱护动物基金会（IFAW）等。动物福利是所有文明社会或将步入文明的社会要面对的重要议题。     

Gene expression changes with age in skin,adipose tissue,blood and brain

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated that gene expression levels change with age. These changes are hypothesized to influence the aging rate of an individual. We analyzed gene expression changes with age in abdominal skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and lymphoblastoid cell lines in 856 female twins in the age range of 39-85 years. Additionally, we investigated genotypic variants involved in genotype-by-age interactions to understand how the genomic regulation of gene expression alters with age.

Results

Using a linear mixed model, differential expression with age was identified in 1,672 genes in skin and 188 genes in adipose tissue. Only two genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines showed significant changes with age. Genes significantly regulated by age were compared with expression profiles in 10 brain regions from 100 postmortem brains aged 16 to 83 years. We identified only one age-related gene common to the three tissues. There were 12 genes that showed differential expression with age in both skin and brain tissue and three common to adipose and brain tissues.

Conclusions

Skin showed the most age-related gene expression changes of all the tissues investigated, with many of the genes being previously implicated in fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, cancer and splicing. A significant proportion of age-related changes in gene expression appear to be tissue-specific with only a few genes sharing an age effect in expression across tissues. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetic influences on aging and the relationship with age-related diseases.     

‘陇东’紫花苜蓿原生质体最佳分离条件

以‘陇东’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Longdong’）下胚轴愈伤组织为材料,研究酶液组合、酶解时间、酶液渗透压、愈伤组织继代培养时间及预处理措施对原生质体分离效果的影响。结果表明：获得产量最高（8.8×105个·g-1）、活力最高（88.55%）的原生质体最佳酶液组合为2%纤维素酶＋0.5%果胶酶＋0.3%崩溃酶、酶解时间为10h、酶液渗透压即甘露醇浓度为0.55mol·L-1,愈伤继代培养天数为12d、预处理措施为4℃、黑暗条件下放置24h。     

美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种无性系耐寒性的初步研究

以美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,测定其低温胁迫中多个生理指标的变化。结果表明,6个杂种无性系SOD、POD和APX活性在低温胁迫中均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,而电解质渗漏率、活性氧含量、CAT和GR活性保持逐渐升高的趋势。无性系间差异显著,其中DU146和DU147电解质渗漏率和活性氧含量最低,而5种抗氧化酶活性均最高,表明其具有较强的耐寒性;而DU135和DU150电解质渗漏率和活性氧含量最高,而5种抗氧化酶活性均最低,表明其耐寒性差。     

小麦‘兰考矮早八’茎蘖分蘖节的内源激素差异及其密度调控效应

选用分蘖成穗率低的大穗型品种‘兰考矮早八’,研究主茎和两分蘖间分蘖节部位的激素差异与分蘖成穗的关系及其密度调控效应。结果表明,在分蘖两极分化过程中,不同茎蘖间分蘖节中IAA和zR含量及其IAA／ABA和z刚ABA比值为主茎〉分蘖Ⅰ〉分蘖Ⅱ,而ABA含量为分蘖Ⅱ〉分蘖Ⅰ〉主茎。ZR含量、ABA含量及其IAA／ABA和zR／ABA比值与分蘖成穗关系密切,较高的zR含量、IAA／ABA和zR／ABA比值以及较低削BA含量有利于分蘖成穗,反之则将导致分蘖衰亡。随种植密度增加和蘖位升高,激素含量及其平衡在分蘖与主茎间差距加大,分蘖弱势程度更突出,进而导致分蘖衰亡,且分蘖衰亡时间提前。     

光呼吸条件下栾树和辣椒光合电子流的分配研究

用Li-6400光合仪同时测定了栾树和辣椒在温度为30℃、CO2浓度为380μmol·mol-1下的气体交换和叶绿素荧光数据。结果表明,栾树在饱和光合有效辐射时光合电子用于碳同化、光呼吸和其他途径的量分别为72.68、45.68和29.40μmol·m-2.s-1;辣椒在光合有效辐射为2000μmol·m-2.s-1时光合电子用于碳同化、光呼吸和其他途径的量分别为142.24、40.24和131.52μmol·m-2.s-1。揭示了在光呼吸条件下用Valentini和Epron等方法高估了辣椒和栾树的光合电子用于光呼吸的量,同时也高估了光呼吸在辣椒和栾树中的保护作用。