显微高速摄影技术及其在血液微流变学研究中的应用

本文选用金黄地鼠的微血管,利用显微高速摄影技术,放大微观流场和血细胞,连续地“冻结”短瞬间的变化状态,把物理图象呈现在胶片上,经图像分析和数据处理,从定性及定量方面研究血液微流变学,为生命科学和医学研究提供了又一种新的方法。     

抑菌生的研究总结报告

本文报告一种由枯草杆菌制成的生态制剂,并命名为抑菌生(Subtilobiogen)。该制剂对创、烧伤感染有治疗作用。经过安全试验、急性毒性试验、Ames试验和微核试验证明,该制剂是一种无害、无毒和有致突变作用的活菌制剂。抑菌生有膏剂、乳剂及粉剂3种剂型。抑菌生在试管和体内对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌均具有抑菌作用。临床观察证明,将抑菌生喷洒在创面上,对浅Ⅱ°度、深Ⅱ°度及混合型烧伤感染均具有明显疗效。实验组(181例)与对照组(174例)相比较,在统计学上具有显著性差异。抑菌生的作用机制,经过初步试验证明,与营养争夺和占位性保护有关,因为枯草杆菌的生长速度超过金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌的生长速度。     

Dye standards, Part II.5: Pararosaniline (CI 42500)

The names and affiliations of the SRMTS members are cited in Part I: terminology and general principles,Histochem. J. (1992)24, 217–19.     

Immunotherapy for remission maintenance in acute myeloblastic leukemia

Summary Forty-eight patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia in remission were treated with immunotherapy in addition to remission-maintenance chemotherapy. The first 16 patients were treated with weekly BCG and a leukemia cell vaccine (group 1). The next 32 patients were randomly allocated to receive BCG and a leukemia cell vaccine given once monthly (group 2) or BCG given monthly with no leukemia cell vaccine (group 3). There was no significant difference in remission duration or survival between the randomly allocated groups (2 and 3).Comparisons with group 1 are limited by the non-random allocation to this group, but selection bias was unlikely and clinical features were similar in the three patient groups. No significant difference in remission duration or survival was seen amongst the three groups studied. There was no advantage in the addition of leukemia cell vaccine (groups 1 and 2) to BCG alone (group 3) and no advantage to weekly (group 1) versus monthly immunotherapy (groups 2 and 3). Only 7 of the 48 patients achieved a second remission, and 4 of these were short-term partial remissions.The following are contributing members of the Toronto Leukemia Study Group: Doctor's Hospital, Harvey Silver MD; Humber Memorial Hospital, Alan Seidenfeld MD; Mississauga Hospital, Michael King MD; Mount Sinai Hospital, Dominic Amato MD; Northwestern Hospital, Wilhelm Kwant MD; Oshawa General Hospital, Hak Chiu MD; St Michael's Hospital, Bernadette Garvey MD, Kenneth Butler MD; St Joseph's Hospital, H. James Watt MD, Murray Davidson MD; Toronto General Hospital, Gerald Scott MD, William Francombe MD, Kenneth Shumak MD; John Crookston MD, PhD; Toronto Western Hospital, James G. Watt MD, David Sutton MD; Michael Baker MD; Domenic Pantalony MD; Wellesley Hospital, Dale Dotten MD; Women's College Hospital, George Kutas MD; York Finch Hospital, Sam Berger MD     

Delayed hypersensitivity and Ig level in 210 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Summary Serum immunoglobulin concentration and skin reactivity to at least three recall antigens were determined in 210 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Immunoglobulin concentration was normal in the great majority of the patients. Skin tests were negative in 50 of 210 cases (24%). No relationship could be demonstrated between skin reactivity, age, time since diagnosis, WBC, lymphocyte count, and splenectomy. Prior antileukemic therapy was a major factor in determining the response to skin tests.S. Tura (Chairman) and M. Baccarani (Secretary), Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università e Servizio di Ematologia dell'Ospedale S. Orsola, Bologna; G. de Sandre, G. Perona, G. Cetto, G. Pizzolo, Istituto di Patologia Medica e Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università, Verona; P. Rambotti, B. Falini, Clinica Medica dell'Università, Perugia; T. Chisesi, G. Capnist, Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedale Civile, Vicenza; A. Cajozzo, P. Citarella, Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università, Palermo; G. Broccia, Sezione di Ematologia, Ospedale Armando Businco, Cagliari; V. Liso, G. Troccoli, Clinica Medica II dell'Università, Bari; L. Bruzzese, G. Nappi, A. Abbadessa, Clinica Medica (I Facoltà) dell'Università, Napoli; A. Porcellini, C. Delfini, Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Pesaro; E. Cacciola, R. Giustolisi, R. Musso, V. Raimondi, Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università, Catania; G. Torlontano, L. Geraci, Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università, Chieti, e Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedale Civile, Pescara; F. Mandelli, G. Mariani, B. Monarca, N. Petti, Cattedra di Ematologia dell'Università, Roma; R. di Guglielmo, A. Miliani, Clinica Medica dell'Università, Firenze; C. Bernasconi, M. Lazzarino, G. Castelli, Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedale S. Matteo, Pavia; A. Alberti, S. Magro, Servizio di Ematologia, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Catanzaro; A. Neri, P. Iacopino, Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria; R. Delsignore, M. C. Baroni, Istituto di Patologia Medica dell'Universita, Parma; E. Bajetta, S. Monfardini, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano; S. Tognella, Istituto Scientifico di Medicina Interna, Cattedra di Clinica Medica 2R, Università, Genova.     

交替灌溉的节水调质机理及同位素技术在作物水分利用研究中的应用

基于节水灌溉技术原理与作物感知缺水的根源信号理论而提出的根系分区交替灌溉,是交替对作物部分根区进行正常的灌溉,其余根区受到适度水分胁迫的灌溉方式。应用同位素示踪技术追溯分根区交替供水条件下土壤-作物系统水分运转途径并揭示其节水调质机理是一个重要的研究方向。本文对根系分区交替灌溉的节水调质效应、节水机理、稳定性氢氧同位素在植物水分运移中的应用以及稳定性碳同位素在植物水分利用效率中的应用研究进展及应用前景作了简要介绍,并对将来需要重点研究的方向作了展望。以期为充分挖掘作物生理节水潜力,大幅度提高作物水分利用效率和实现节水、丰产、优质、高效的综合目标提供有效的调控途径。     

Determinants of sustained viral suppression in HIV-infected patients with self-reported poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy

Background

Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for successful HIV treatment. However, some patients remain virologically suppressed despite suboptimal adherence. We hypothesized that this could result from host genetic factors influencing drug levels.

Methods

Eligible individuals were Caucasians treated with efavirenz (EFV) and/or boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with self-reported poor adherence, defined as missing doses of ART at least weekly for more than 6 months. Participants were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes previously reported to decrease EFV (rs3745274, rs35303484, rs35979566 in CYP2B6) and LPV/r clearance (rs4149056 in SLCO1B1, rs6945984 in CYP3A, rs717620 in ABCC2). Viral suppression was defined as having HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/ml throughout the study period.

Results

From January 2003 until May 2009, 37 individuals on EFV (28 suppressed and 9 not suppressed) and 69 on LPV/r (38 suppressed and 31 not suppressed) were eligible. The poor adherence period was a median of 32 weeks with 18.9% of EFV and 20.3% of LPV/r patients reporting missed doses on a daily basis. The tested SNPs were not determinant for viral suppression. Reporting missing >1 dose/week was associated with a lower probability of viral suppression compared to missing 1 dose/week (EFV: odds ratio (OR) 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01–0.99; LPV/r: OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.94). In both groups, the probability of remaining suppressed increased with the duration of continuous suppression prior to the poor adherence period (EFV: OR 3.40, 95% CI: 0.62–18.75; LPV/r: OR 5.65, 95% CI: 1.82–17.56).

Conclusions

The investigated genetic variants did not play a significant role in the sustained viral suppression of individuals with suboptimal adherence. Risk of failure decreased with longer duration of viral suppression in this population.     

几种药物抑制马传染性贫血病毒和人免疫缺陷病毒的实验研究

用马传染性贫血病毒—驴胚肺二倍体细胞(EIAV-DELDC)为实验体系,以细胞中病毒逆转录酶活性及病毒相关抗原的表达为观察指标,检测了叠氮胸苷(AZT)、三氮唑核苷(Ribavirin,病毒唑)、磷羧基甲酸钠(PFA)和苏拉明等4种已知抗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)药物对马传染性贫血病毒的抑制作用。结果表明,PFA、AZTTP(三磷酸AZT)和苏拉明均能抑制病毒相关抗原的表达,AZT虽无此作用,但能抑制细胞内逆转录酶活性。用~3H-TMP掺入法比较了PFA、AZTTP、苏拉明对体外无细胞系EIAV逆转录酶粗提物和HIV-1基因工程产物逆转录酶活性的抑制作用表明,两种逆转录酶对苏拉明的敏感性相近,而HIV-1逆转录酶对PFA和AZTTP的敏感性较EIAV者高约100倍。又以无细胞系中逆转录酶活性测定法,检测了12种中药提取物的抑制作用,其中小柴胡汤对EIAV和HIV-1逆转录酶活性都有抑制作用,IC_(50)为717μg/ml和700μg/ml(生药浓度)。小柴胡汤对两种病毒感染细胞中抗原的表达和HIV引起细胞病变都有抑制作用,对HIV-1的抑制比EIAV强。这些结果表明,EIAV-DELDC体系可考虑作为抗HIV-1药物筛选模型。     

食品常见真菌毒素的危害及其防止措施

真菌毒素是一类由真菌产生的普遍存在的化合物。危害人类健康的真菌毒素主要源于曲霉Aspergillus、青霉Penicil-lium、麦角菌属Claviceps和镰刀菌Fusarium等产生的次生代谢物。从全球范围来看,粮食安全问题经常是由谷物、坚果、水果和绿色咖啡豆上的真菌毒素造成的。其中,玉米和花生仁中的黄曲霉素经常超过安全阈值。在以这些食物作为主食的地处温暖和潮湿气候国家的消费者特别容易食用到黄曲霉素污染的食物。而真菌毒素往往会引起人类和动物急性中毒、慢性中毒和致癌。其不可避免地、广泛地、持续地影响着全球人类的健康。目前的防止措施包括选用抗真菌植物、采用适当方法贮藏食物以及食用绿色蔬菜等来预防癌症等。本文阐述了食品中常见真菌毒素的污染情况及其毒性,并对常用防止措施进行了综述,以期为食品真菌毒素防控工作提供参考。