Identification of loci controlling adaptation in Chinese soya bean landraces via a combination of conventional and bioclimatic GWAS

Landraces often contain genetic diversity that has been lost in modern cultivars, including alleles that confer enhanced local adaptation. To comprehensively identify loci associated with adaptive traits in soya bean landraces, for example flowering time, a population of 1938 diverse landraces and 97 accessions of the wild progenitor of cultivated soya bean, Glycine soja was genotyped using tGBS^®. Based on 99 085 high‐quality SNPs, landraces were classified into three sub‐populations which exhibit geographical genetic differentiation. Clustering was inferred from STRUCTURE, principal component analyses and neighbour‐joining tree analyses. Using phenotypic data collected at two locations separated by 10 degrees of latitude, 17 trait‐associated SNPs (TASs) for flowering time were identified, including a stable locus Chr12:5914898 and previously undetected candidate QTL/genes for flowering time in the vicinity of the previously cloned flowering genes, E1 and E2. Using passport data associated with the collection sites of the landraces, 27 SNPs associated with adaptation to three bioclimatic variables (temperature, daylength, and precipitation) were identified. A series of candidate flowering genes were detected within linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks surrounding 12 bioclimatic TASs. Nine of these TASs exhibit significant differences in flowering time between alleles within one or more of the three individual sub‐populations. Signals of selection during domestication and/or subsequent landrace diversification and adaptation were detected at 38 of the 44 flowering and bioclimatic TASs. Hence, this study lays the groundwork to begin breeding for novel environments predicted to arise following global climate change.     

羊草种群年龄结构及无性繁殖对策的分析

天然割草场羊草 ( Aneurolepidium chinense( Trin.) Kitag.)种群的生殖枝中有 87%为冬性植株。羊草分蘖节最老为 4龄 ,其生活时间可达 5个年度。在分蘖节成株的年龄结构中 ,1、2龄株占绝对优势 ,其所占比重达 92 .5 %。 1龄株生产力最高 ,至 3龄株生活力已明显衰弱。割草场羊草种群为增长型与稳定型混合的年龄结构类型。综合分析了羊草以根茎顶端成株调节种群年龄结构的无性繁殖对策 ,以及羊草草地自然持续更新的生物生态学机制     

分泌型乙型肝炎病毒包膜M蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达

将乙肝病毒包膜中蛋白M基因插入酵母整合型表达质粒pAO818的醇氧化酶 (AOX1)启动子下游 ,构建携带 8拷贝M表达盒的重组载体 ,经电穿孔转化SMD116 8菌株和G4 18筛选 ,得到了高效分泌表达M蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株 ,表达量超过 5 0mg L .经初步纯化 ,对表达产物的性质鉴定表明 ,重组蛋白具有preS2和S抗原性 ,可以形成颗粒 ,并具有一定程度的糖基化 .所构建的稳定重组菌株和所得到的重组蛋白颗粒 ,为进一步研究新一代的疫苗提供了必要的材料 .     

山西垣曲盆地始新世轮藻植物群

记述山西垣曲盆地河堤组任村至寨组里段轮藻化石,计１１属,１４种,２未定种,建立了一个地区性轮藻化石组合：Ｒａｓｋｙｅｌｌａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｌｉｎｙｉｅｃｈａｒａｄｅｃｏｒｏｓａ－Ｓｔｅｐｈａｎｏｃｈａｒａｇｌｏｂｕｌａ组合,该组合位于中国早第三纪轮藻植物群序列中Ｏｂｔｕｓｏｃｈａｒａｊｉａｎｇｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｇｙｒｏｇｏｎａｑｉａｎｊｉａｎｇｉｃａ植物群的上部,轮藻植物群反映的地质时代始新世     

Role of interleukin‐15 in cardiovascular diseases

Interleukin (IL)‐15 is a recently identified cytokine, which belongs to the interleukin‐2(IL‐2) family, and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunoreaction. Given the fact that the structure of IL‐15 is partially similar to IL‐2, they share some common biological effects, including immunoregulation. IL‐2 was proven to protect cardiac function in mouse myocardial infarction models. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate the cause of mortality worldwide. Besides atherosclerosis, inflammation is also widely involved in the pathogenesis of many CVDs including hypertension, heart failure (HF) and aneurysm. IL‐15, as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is up‐regulated in some cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The current understanding of IL‐15, including its signal pathway and cellular function, was described. Furthermore, IL‐15 has a protective effect in myocardial infarction and myocarditis by decreasing cardiomyocyte death and improving heart function. The inhibited effect of IL‐15 in ductus arteriosus (DA) should be focused on. IL‐15 promoted atherogenesis. IL‐15 may be a good target in treatment of cardiovascular diabetology. Finally, future research direction of IL‐15 deserves attention. Since IL‐15 plays several roles in CVDs, understanding the role of the IL‐15/IL‐15R system may provide a scientific basis for the development of new approaches that use IL‐15 for the treatment of CVDs.     

幽门螺杆菌感染新型原代人胃上皮细胞模型的建立

目的 培养三维(3D)人胃黏膜上皮类器官,转为二维(2D)原代胃黏膜细胞培养,并建成人2D原代胃上皮细胞的幽门螺杆菌感染模型。 方法 (1)从正常人胃上皮组织中分离胃腺,在含有多种生长调节和凋亡抑制等混合因子的培养基中,依附于基质胶而培养成3D类器官;(2)利用免疫荧光技术鉴定胃上皮类器官的相关分子标记;(3)研究正常原代胃上皮细胞被幽门螺杆菌感染后的形态学变化,利用免疫印迹技术鉴定幽门螺杆菌感染相关蛋白的表达水平。 结果 成功培养出可长期传代的人胃上皮3D类器官,具有典型的人胃黏膜上皮分子标记。而且3D类器官转为2D平面培养的原代胃上皮细胞,可作为幽门螺杆菌的体外原代细胞感染模型。 结论 3D胃上皮类器官,可作为2D原代胃上皮细胞的持久来源,为研究幽门螺杆菌感染人体胃上皮的分子机制带来个体化的新模型。     

食植瓢虫属Epilachna中国新记录种及两种幼虫的形态记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

记述食植瓢虫属 Epilachna Chevrolat3种中国新记录种及其 2种幼虫形态 ,编制了该属中国已知幼虫种类检索表。新记录种和幼虫标本均保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

广西叶甲亚科昆虫种类记述(鞘翅目:叶甲科)

记述中国科学院动物研究所 1 998～ 2 0 0 0年对广西十万大山及大瑶山地区考察所采获叶甲亚科并该所标本馆馆藏叶甲亚科标本及文献记载 ,共 2 0属 35种 ,其中包括1中国新记录属 Pseudolina Jacoby、1新种 Gonioctena( Brachyphytodecta) oculata sp.nov.、2中国新记录种 Pseudolina indica Jacoby,Paropsides bouveri Chen。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。