不同发育年龄大鼠肝细胞及其溶酶体对急性低氧的应答

人工低压舱内模拟高原低氧24h,并与2300m对照组比较,观察不同发育年龄大鼠SGOT活力,肝溶酶体总酸性磷酸酶、非沉淀酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活力及肝重、肝细胞糖原、蛋白和总脂含量的变化。在海拔5000m高度,10天鼠各酶活力、570天鼠总酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活力明显升高;35和75天鼠各酶活力未见显著变化;在海拔8000m高度,各年龄组鼠上述各酶活力均显著升高。随着海拔高度的升高,各组大鼠肝重呈不同程度的下降,肝细胞糖原含量非常明显地减少,35和75天鼠8000m组全肝蛋白含量下降明显,10、35、75天鼠肝细胞总脂累积。上述结果综合分析表明:低氧致使大鼠肝细胞损伤属一普遍性效应,新生期和老年期大鼠肝细胞耐低氧能力不及幼年期和成年期大鼠。     

噪声对海马CA3区神经元电活动及突触超微结构的影响

本文用电生理学方法及电镜技术研究105dB(A)白噪声对海马CA3区神经元电活动及突触超微结构的影响。结果表明:大鼠在强噪声暴露期间(5min),其神经元放电出现减频反应(占53.3％),增频反应(占20％)和基本无反应(占26.7％)。而强噪声定时重复暴露(每天1h共50天)后,单位放电频率极显著地低于对照组,以及高频单位消失而低频单位增加;同时,突触超微结构(大鼠和豚鼠)也出现小泡不集中于突触前膜和线粒体空泡化增多等不利于突触功能的变化。表明强噪声对海马CA3区神经元的影响是明显的,且以抑制性作用更为显著。本文结合本室以往工作进行讨论,认为噪声影响学习功能可能有通过影响海马的活动而作用的机制。     

恒河猴B病毒相关抗体检测方法的比较

以NT方法为基础比较了ELISA和FIA方法,共检测84份猴B病毒相关抗体的敏感性,结果ELISA和EIA阳性各50份(59.5％),NT阳性45份(53.6％)。三种方法相符者71份,符合率84.5％。ELISA和FIA均较NT敏感,而且快速,简便,经济,可应用于大批标本的检查。     

厌氧培养皿及厌氧培养管的临床应用——对传统的厌氧菌分离培养及鉴定方法的简化

利用我们研制的厌氧培养皿及管,共检验了39份牙髓炎及牙周炎标本,分离出厌氧菌59株,标本中厌氧菌分离的阳性率为100％。其中类杆菌28株,消化链球菌9株,消化球菌7株,韦荣氏球菌5株,真杆菌2株,梭形杆菌8株。在类杆菌中产黑素类杆菌21株,占类杆菌总数的75％。结果表明使用厌氧培养皿及管研究厌氧菌简便、有效、经济,适于基层单位应用。     

烧伤后大鼠肠道菌群的改变及其易位

本文报告了25％烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂(地寨米松磷酸钠)大鼠7种肠道细菌的定量、内脏及血液的细菌培养和肠壁的病理形态学改变。单纯烧伤组(B组)和单纯注射免疫抑制剂组(Ⅰ组)动物肠壁的病理改变较轻,肠道菌群改变不明显,其肠道细菌易位率也很低。烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂的动物(BⅠ组)肠壁病变严重,肠道菌群改变明显。其中,肠杆菌在回肠、盲肠,结肠内容物中的菌量均明显升高;回肠内容物中拟杆菌的菌量明显减少;该组动物肠道细菌易位率也明显增高,达60％。此外,BⅠ组、Ⅰ组部分动物发生了由棒状杆菌及由棒状扦菌和肠杆菌混合引起的内源性感染。根据不同肠段肠壁病变严重程度、菌群变化的部位以及不同部位肠管生理功能的不同,我们推测,回肠以上肠段是肠道细菌易位的主要部位。     

Proteases from human immunodeficiency virus and avian myeloblastosis virus show distinct specificities in hydrolysis of multidomain protein substrates.

The virally encoded proteases from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) have been compared relative to their ability to hydrolyze a variant of the three-domain Pseudomonas exotoxin, PE66. This exotoxin derivative, missing domain I and referred to as LysPE40, is made up of a 13-kilodalton NH2-terminal translocation domain II connected by a segment of 40 amino acids to enzyme domain III of the toxin, a 23-kilodalton ADP-ribosyltransferase. HIV protease hydrolyzes two peptide bonds in LysPE40, a Leu-Leu bond in the interdomain region and a Leu-Ala bond in a nonstructured region three residues in from the NH2-terminus. Neither of these sites is cleaved by the AMV enzyme; hydrolysis occurs, instead, at an Asp-Val bond in another part of the interdomain segment and at a Leu-Thr bond in the NH2-terminal region of domain II. Synthetic peptides corresponding to these cleavage sites are hydrolyzed by the individual proteases with the same specificity displayed toward the protein substrate. Peptide substrates for one protease are neither substrates nor competitive inhibitors for the other. A potent inhibitor of HIV type 1 protease was more than 3 orders of magnitude less active toward the AMV enzyme. These results suggest that although the crystallographic models of Rous sarcoma virus protease (an enzyme nearly identical to the AMV enzyme) and HIV type 1 protease show a high degree of similarity, there exist structural differences between these retroviral proteases that are clearly reflected by their kinetic properties.     

Persistent infection of rhesus macaques with a molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: evidence of minimal genetic drift and low pathogenetic effects.

In an attempt to generate a suitable animal model to study the infectivity and possible pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency viruses, we intravenously inoculated juvenile rhesus macaques and African green monkeys with a molecularly cloned virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 HIV-2sbl/isy, as well as with the uncloned HIV-2nih-z virus. Infection was monitored by virus recovery from the peripheral blood cells and by seroconversion against HIV-2 antigens measured by Western immunoblot, radioimmunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We successfully infected two out of two macaques with the molecularly cloned virus and one macaque out of two with the HIV-2nih-z. No evidence of infection was seen in the African green monkeys with either virus. We followed the infected animals for 2 years. The animals remained healthy, although we observed intermittent lymphadenopathy and a transient decrease in the absolute number of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes in both animals infected with the molecularly cloned virus. Virus isolation from the peripheral blood cells of the infected animals was successful only within the first few months after inoculation. Evidence of persistent infection was provided by the detection of proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction analysis of the blood cells of the inoculated animals and by the stability of antiviral antibody titers. To evaluate the genetic drift of the proviral DNA, we molecularly cloned viruses which were reisolated 1 and 5 months postinoculation from one of these animals. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the envelope genes of both these isolates indicated that a low degree of variation (0.2%) in the envelope protein had occurred in vivo during the 5-month period. These data suggest that the use of HIV-2sbl/isy in rhesus macaques may represent a good animal model system to study prevention of viral infection. In particular, molecularly cloned virus can be manipulated for functional studies of viral genes in the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and provides a reproducible source of virus for vaccine studies.     

Isolation and partial characterization of an unusual human immunodeficiency retrovirus from two persons of west-central African origin.

An unusual human retrovirus was isolated from two patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who originate from West-Central Africa and are currently residing in Belgium. Although the virus shared a number of the same biological and morphological properties as human immunodeficiency retrovirus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, significant antigenic differences could be demonstrated. Several of the viral proteins also differed in molecular weight from the corresponding HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteins. Partial chemical cleavage of the most highly conserved viral proteins resulted in patterns which differed from those of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Furthermore, nucleic acid hybridization experiments were capable of discriminating between the virus types. Sequence analysis of the viral U3 region revealed a unique enhancer organization not found in other immunodeficiency viruses. The data indicated that the new isolate is more closely related to HIV-1 than to HIV-2 but clearly differs in a number of important respects.