胎肝细胞输注与全胚注射液治疗再生障碍性贫血的机理探讨

本文对胎肝细胞输注或全胚注射液治疗再生障碍性贫血的可能机理作了一些实验性探讨。研究结果表明: 1.胎肝细胞在培养或解体过程中释放某些刺激红系造血的因子,有利于已经损伤的造血功能的恢复。 2.对正常小鼠注射无细胞胎肝制剂或全胚注射液后,骨髓红系细胞的分裂指数明显升高,骨髓中粒/红比值趋于降低,反映了骨髓中红系细胞增生活跃的状态。 3.对正常小鼠注射无细胞胎肝制剂或全胚注射液后,外周血网织红细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数趋于平行增高,其增高程度和持续时间随注射次数的增加而加强。 小鼠注射无细胞胎肝制剂或全胚注射液后,巨噬细胞吞噬指数的增加,反映了巨噬细胞激活,这种作用除了提高机体的非特异性免疫功能,增强机体的抵抗力外,还可能通过巨噬细胞的活化,直接或间接地调控机体红系细胞的增殖,因而,对巨噬细胞在造血调控中的作用以及它在再生障碍性贫血发病机理研究中的意义提出了讨论。     

Stimulation par la lumière rouge lointain de la synthèse de la δ-aminolévulinate déshydratase des cotylédons de radis

Stimulation of de novo synthesis of δ-aminolevulinate dehydralasc of radishes grown under far-red light .
Density labelling studies of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) in cotyledons of radish ( Raphanus sativus L. cv. Longue Rave Saumonée) seedlings demonstrate that far-red light stimulates de novo synthesis of ALAD and that the turn-over of this enzyme is very poor. Cycloheximide reduces considerably both the increase of ALAD activity and the incorporation of deuterium in ALAD, which indicates that ALAD synthesis depends upon cytoplasmic ribosomes.     

Augmentation of lung antineutrophil elastase capacity with recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin

To evaluate the potential use of recombinant DNA-produced alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) to augment the lung antineutrophil elastase defenses in alpha-1-AT deficiency, we compared the kinetics of intravenously administered recombinant produced alpha-1-AT (r alpha-1-AT) and purified normal human plasma alpha-1-AT (p alpha-1-AT) in the blood and lung of rhesus monkeys. The r alpha-1-AT was produced in yeast transformed with an expressing plasmid containing a full-length human alpha-1-AT complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and purified to greater than 99% homogeneity. The r alpha-1-AT has a molecular weight of 45,000, no carbohydrates, and is identical in sequence to normal plasma alpha-1-AT except for an additional N-terminal acetylmethionine. Despite its lack of carbohydrates, the r alpha-1-AT inhibited human neutrophil elastase with an association rate constant similar to that of p alpha-1-AT. Rhesus monkeys were infused intravenously with 120 mg/kg of r alpha-1-AT (n = 13) or p alpha-1-AT (n = 12) and the serum, urine, and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations of these molecules quantified at various intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Alzheimer''s paired helical filaments share epitopes with neurofilament side arms.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments have been investigated with regard to the location of their respective epitopes on neurofilament polypeptides and their ability to label the neurofibrillary tangles and paired helical filaments (PHF) which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. All of the neurofilament monoclonal antibodies that label tangles and PHF are directed against epitopes in the side arm domains of the two larger neurofilament polypeptides, NF-H and NF-M, and do not recognise the alpha-helical rod domains of these proteins. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrates that the neurofilament antibodies label the constituent PHF per se and do not simply stain neurofilaments that might be admixed with PHF. These neurofilament epitopes are differentially retained by PHF, following isolation. Thus, antibody labelling of PHF is not simply due to the presence of normal neurofilament polypeptides. We propose that in tangle-bearing neurons, neurofilaments are degraded by proteases and that it is fragments of the side arms which contribute to the composition of PHF.     

ETUDE DES COMPLEXES DE PIGMENTS CHLOROPHYLLIENS D'EUGLENA GRACILIS AU COURS DE LA CROISSANCE ET A L'ETAT ADULTE

Une tude des cellules d'Euglnes et de leurs extraits prparsavec les ultra-sons, chauffs ou non chauffs (quelques heures 35), montre que:

1. le chauffage ne dtruit pas la chlorophylle de faon notable;
2. en prsence d'alcool, un agrgat de chlorophylle ayant unebanded'absorption 740–750 mµ apparait dans lesextraitsd'Euglnes ges de plus de 11 jours;
3. les jeunesEuglnes et les Euglnes ges et chauffes ne peuventformerl'agrgat absorbant aux grandes longueurs d'ondes;
4. deux outrois complexes chlorophylliens diffrents sont impliqusdansla formation des agrgats qui absorbent 740 mµ.

¹ Travail rendu possible par l'attribution d'une bourse d'tudede l'universit de Montral l'un des auteurs (DE K.) et l'octroid'une subvention de recherches (A-1196) du Conseil Nationaldes Recherches du Canada.     

不同发育年龄大鼠肝细胞及其溶酶体对急性低氧的应答

人工低压舱内模拟高原低氧24h,并与2300m对照组比较,观察不同发育年龄大鼠SGOT活力,肝溶酶体总酸性磷酸酶、非沉淀酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活力及肝重、肝细胞糖原、蛋白和总脂含量的变化。在海拔5000m高度,10天鼠各酶活力、570天鼠总酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活力明显升高;35和75天鼠各酶活力未见显著变化;在海拔8000m高度,各年龄组鼠上述各酶活力均显著升高。随着海拔高度的升高,各组大鼠肝重呈不同程度的下降,肝细胞糖原含量非常明显地减少,35和75天鼠8000m组全肝蛋白含量下降明显,10、35、75天鼠肝细胞总脂累积。上述结果综合分析表明:低氧致使大鼠肝细胞损伤属一普遍性效应,新生期和老年期大鼠肝细胞耐低氧能力不及幼年期和成年期大鼠。     

噪声对海马CA3区神经元电活动及突触超微结构的影响

本文用电生理学方法及电镜技术研究105dB(A)白噪声对海马CA3区神经元电活动及突触超微结构的影响。结果表明:大鼠在强噪声暴露期间(5min),其神经元放电出现减频反应(占53.3％),增频反应(占20％)和基本无反应(占26.7％)。而强噪声定时重复暴露(每天1h共50天)后,单位放电频率极显著地低于对照组,以及高频单位消失而低频单位增加;同时,突触超微结构(大鼠和豚鼠)也出现小泡不集中于突触前膜和线粒体空泡化增多等不利于突触功能的变化。表明强噪声对海马CA3区神经元的影响是明显的,且以抑制性作用更为显著。本文结合本室以往工作进行讨论,认为噪声影响学习功能可能有通过影响海马的活动而作用的机制。     

恒河猴B病毒相关抗体检测方法的比较

以NT方法为基础比较了ELISA和FIA方法,共检测84份猴B病毒相关抗体的敏感性,结果ELISA和EIA阳性各50份(59.5％),NT阳性45份(53.6％)。三种方法相符者71份,符合率84.5％。ELISA和FIA均较NT敏感,而且快速,简便,经济,可应用于大批标本的检查。     

厌氧培养皿及厌氧培养管的临床应用——对传统的厌氧菌分离培养及鉴定方法的简化

利用我们研制的厌氧培养皿及管,共检验了39份牙髓炎及牙周炎标本,分离出厌氧菌59株,标本中厌氧菌分离的阳性率为100％。其中类杆菌28株,消化链球菌9株,消化球菌7株,韦荣氏球菌5株,真杆菌2株,梭形杆菌8株。在类杆菌中产黑素类杆菌21株,占类杆菌总数的75％。结果表明使用厌氧培养皿及管研究厌氧菌简便、有效、经济,适于基层单位应用。     

烧伤后大鼠肠道菌群的改变及其易位

本文报告了25％烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂(地寨米松磷酸钠)大鼠7种肠道细菌的定量、内脏及血液的细菌培养和肠壁的病理形态学改变。单纯烧伤组(B组)和单纯注射免疫抑制剂组(Ⅰ组)动物肠壁的病理改变较轻,肠道菌群改变不明显,其肠道细菌易位率也很低。烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂的动物(BⅠ组)肠壁病变严重,肠道菌群改变明显。其中,肠杆菌在回肠、盲肠,结肠内容物中的菌量均明显升高;回肠内容物中拟杆菌的菌量明显减少;该组动物肠道细菌易位率也明显增高,达60％。此外,BⅠ组、Ⅰ组部分动物发生了由棒状杆菌及由棒状扦菌和肠杆菌混合引起的内源性感染。根据不同肠段肠壁病变严重程度、菌群变化的部位以及不同部位肠管生理功能的不同,我们推测,回肠以上肠段是肠道细菌易位的主要部位。