Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统对上消化道出血患者治疗的指导作用比较

目的:比较Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统对上消化道出血患者治疗的指导作用。方法:回顾分析我院收治的上消化道出血病人共366例,详细记录每一位入组患者的临床表现、生命体征、实验室检查结果,根据Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统的规则计算每一位患者的危险分值,并依据其分值将其分为低危组和高危组(Glasgow-Blatchford≥1分,Rockall≥1分)。结果:366例上消化道出血患者有243位(66.4%)经过补液、抑酸等保守治疗后出血停止,并按照临床实际将其定义为低危患者,Glasgow-Blatchford评分为0的低危患者有63位(17.2%),Rockall评分为0的低危患者有99人(27.0%),参照临床治疗中实际的高低危患者,计算得到Rockall评分系统对高危患者诊断的敏感性为87.0%,而Glasgow-Blatchford评分系统对高危患者诊断的敏感性为100%。Glasgow-Blatchford评分系统对上消化道出血高危患者诊断的敏感性明显高于临床Rockall评分系统。结论:基于实验室检查和临床表现的Glasgow-Blatchford评分,是一种简单、有效的判断上消化道出血严重程度的评分系统,有助于临床医师选择正确的治疗方案。     

我国农牧交错区耕作方式与施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响

在我国内蒙古自治区赤峰市农牧交错区研究了不同耕作方式及不同施氮量对小麦氮肥吸收利用和产量的影响.结果表明：长期实施保护性耕作使小麦对氮素的利用率提高3%～4%,减轻氮肥对农田环境的污染;保护性耕作有利于促进小麦对氮素的吸收,提高小麦产量.当施氮量由120 kg·hm^-2增加到360 kg·hm^-2时,小麦对氮素的吸收利用由36.5%降低为26%;氮素损失增加约5%,对应的氮素损失量则从60 kg·hm^-2增加到约200 kg·hm^-2,对环境的污染明显增加.小麦对上季残留氮素的利用受耕作方式影响较小,受上季施氮量影响较大,总体趋势为施氮量越高,小麦利用率越低,损失越多.经过两季小麦种植后,小麦-土壤系统回收的总氮素比例约为44%～50%,其中土壤残留氮素约占施氮量的13%～18%.     

A protein involved in co-ordinated regulation of inorganic carbon and glucose metabolism in the facultative photoautotrophic cyanobacteriumSynechocystis PCC6803

The involvement of a gene ofSynechocystis PCC6803,icfG, in the co-ordinated regulation of inorganic carbon and glucose metabolism, was established. TheicfG gene codes for a 72 kDa protein, which shows no homology with those registered in data libraries. Expression oficfG required glucose, the actual inducer probably being glucose-6-phosphate, and was independent of light and of the external inorganic carbon concentration. Mutants carrying an inactivated copy oficfG were constructed. Their growth characteristics were identical to those of the wild type under all regimes except in limiting inorganic carbon with glucose being present either before or after the transfer to the limiting conditions. These conditions completely prevented growth, both in the light and in the dark. The inhibition could be relieved by several intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Assays of various enzymic activities related to inorganic carbon uptake and to its assimilationvia either the Calvin cycle or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase did not reveal the level of action of IcfG. Possible models include a blockage of the assimilation of both carbon sources in the absence of IcfG, or the inhibition of Ci incorporation route(s) essential under limiting inorganic carbon conditions, even when glucose is present, and even in the dark.     

酪氨酸对大鼠离体Leydig细胞睾酮和cAMP生成的影响

本实验采用胶原酶消化,Ficoll 密度梯度离心,制备大鼠睾丸 Leydig 细胞悬浮液进行体外培养(每管内含有10~6 细胞),以研究酪氨酸对 Leydig 细胞睾酮和cAMP 生成的影响。实验结果表明,hCG(100mIU)能明显地促进Leydig 细胞睾酮和 cAMP的生成。睾酮从对照组的3.08±0.58ng(X±SD,下同)增加到41.61±1.52ng,cAMP 含量从19.62±2.56pmol增加到153.24±5.92pmol。若将酪氨酸(60μg)与hCG同时加入到细胞培养液中,则睾酮和cAMP 含量分别下降到 19.22±.0.52ng(P<0.01)和92.63±6.02pmol(P<0.05)。但是,酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂(α-甲基酪氨酸)对酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成作用无阻断效应,而酪氨酸对外源cAMP(2.5mM)诱导的睾酮生成,则有明显的抑制作用,睾酮含量从27.56±1.53ng降至 19.50±0.47ng(P<0.01)。以上实验结果表明,酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成的作用机理与cAMP有关。     

On the Methods and Principles of MolecularIdentification of Chinese Herbs

Accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials is relevant to the safety of human life and economic interests. Traditional identification methods, including sensory evaluation, microscopic identification, physical and chemical identification, all have their limitations. Molecular identification brings a new opportunity for accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials. However, prior to its wide adoption, the methods and principles of molecular identification should be fully discussed. In this paper, we proposed a set of new methods for molecular authentication of herbal medicinal materials: 1) Identification between authenticity and adulteration by using specific polymerase chain reaction; 2) Identification between official herb and substitute by using the method of DNA barcoding; 3) Identification among multiple species of one official herbs by constructing genealogy among closely related species based on population genetics; 4) Identification among herbs of different geographical origins by phylogeography based analysis. For those that can not be identified by above four methods, more rapidly evolved markers such as microsatellite should be employed and individual based analysis could be adopted.     

美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效观察

目的:观察美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效.方法:将79例老年人抗生素相关性腹泻患者随机分为2组,对照组为常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用美常安治疗.结果:治疗组患者的总有效率明显高于对照组,2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著.     

广西灵川县种植业的可持续发展

广西是我国南方农业大省(区),明确其农业发展的制约因素,提出具体的解决措施,实现农业可持续发展,对解决农业、农村和农民问题,促进经济持续、快速、健康发展,实现社会主义现代化建设战略目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要采用了参与性农户评估方法(PRA),通过随机入户方式,与农户面对面交流,并结合调查问卷,对广西桂林市灵川县11个乡镇的农户进行了调查访问,为方便研究和数据处理,在数据分析过程中将该县11个乡镇分为3个片区:东部片区、中部片区、北部片区,对比3组农户的文化素质、种植制度、冬季农业现状、农业需求和农田水利设施等方面问题,探讨广西农业可持续发展的制约因素,并提出相应的对策,以期为广西农业可持续发展提供理论依据。调查结果表明,虽然目前灵川县农业取得众多发展成就,但仍存在以下几个方面的问题,严重影响了该县种植业可持续发展的进程。一是种植制度结构单一,二是冬季农业发展薄弱,三是种植技术贫乏,四是基础设施建设不完善等,因此,为促进灵川县种植业可持续发展,亟需采取以下对策和措施:调整作物种植结构,建立合理的种植制度;大力发展冬季农业;满足农民最迫切的农业需求;加强农业基础设施建设等。     

茶树CsMYB123转录因子的克隆及表达特性研究

该实验以茶树品种‘紫娟’为试验材料,利用RT-PCR方法,从茶树cDNA中克隆得到一个R2R3-MYB型基因(CsMYB123)。生物信息学分析显示,CsMYB123基因的开放阅读框为915bp,编码304个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约34.07kD,理论等电点为8.69,含有2个保守的MYB结构域,编码1个R2R3-MYB蛋白;CsMYB123蛋白与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)MYB转录因子家族第五亚组的AtMYB123亲缘关系最近;CsMYB123属于亲水性蛋白,无N端信号肽,可能定位于细胞核上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CsMYB123基因在茶树各组织的表达量大小依次为:一芽一叶第二叶第三叶第四叶老茎嫩茎,且在一芽一叶中的表达量是嫩茎的15.68倍;但CsMYB123的表达受IAA、ABA、ETH和GA3的抑制。花青素含量检测显示,茶树‘紫娟’各组织中花青素的含量高低依次为:第二叶一芽一叶第三叶第四叶嫩茎老茎,且第二叶和一芽一叶的含量分别为老茎的15倍和11倍。研究发现,CsMYB123基因在茶树‘紫娟’的新稍中高水平表达,且其表达模式与不同组织中的花青素含量呈较好的正相关关系,推测CsMYB123基因与茶树花青素合成的调控相关。     

重金属累积对泽兰实蝇幼虫生长发育和保护酶的影响

为了弄清重金属通过寄主植物紫茎泽兰累积后对专性寄生天敌泽兰实蝇的生理影响,采用模拟Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)污染的土壤培养法胁迫紫茎泽兰,让泽兰实蝇低龄幼虫寄生取食,利用原子吸收分光光度法测定泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫中Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)的含量,同时测定分析泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫的体长、鲜重、能量物质和保护酶的变化。结果表明,实验处理的Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)均可通过紫茎泽兰传递并累积到泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫体内,引起老熟幼虫一系列生理变化:长度和鲜重降低;总糖、总蛋白和总脂的含量降低,相应的热量值也降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶的活性降低。本研究为进一步阐明重金属污染对食物链各环节的影响提供了重要的理论依据。